VIEWS OF PHRENOLOGISTS. 



341 



Fig. 136. 



For many centuries it was believed, that the cerebrum was the organ 

 of perception, and the cerebellum that 

 of memory. Albert the Great, in the 

 thirteenth century, sketched a head on 

 which he represented the seat of the 

 different intellectual faculties. In the 

 forehead and first ventricle he placed 

 common sense and imagination ; in the 

 second intelligence and judgment; and 

 in the third, memory and the motive 

 force. The head in the margin (Fig. 

 136), is from an old sketch contained in 

 the Book Rarities of the University of 

 Cambridge. Servetus conceived, that 

 the two anterior cerebral cavities are 

 for the reception of the images of ex- 

 ternal objects; the third is the seat of 

 thought; the aqueduct of Sylvius, 'the 

 seat of the soul ; and the fourth ventri- 

 cle that of memory. . In 1491, Peter 

 Montagnana published an engraving, 

 in which were represented the seat of 

 the sensus communis, a cellula imagina- 

 tiva, cellula estimativa seu cogitativa, a 

 cellula memorativa, and a cellula ra- 

 tionalis. A head by Ludovico Dolci 

 exhibits a similar arrangement. (Fig. 

 137.)' 



The celebrated Dr. Thomas Willis, in 

 1681, asserted, that the corpora striata 

 are the seat of perception; the medul- 

 lary part of the brain that of memory 

 and imagination; the corpus callosum 

 that of reflection ; and the cerebellum 

 furnished the vital spirits necessary for 

 the involuntary motions. 2 It would ap- 

 pear, too, that Swedenborg, half a cen- 

 tury before the promulgation of Gall's 

 theory, maintained the doctrine, that 

 every man is born with a disposition to 

 all sorts of evil, which must be checked 

 by education, and, as far as possible, rooted out; and that the degree 

 of success or failure in this respect would be indicated by the shape of 

 the skull. "The peculiar distinctions of man, will and the understand- 

 ing," he argued, "have their seats in the brain, which is excited by 

 the fleeting desires of the will, and the ideas of the intellect. Near 



1 See Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, llth edit., i. 32, Lond., 1813; and Margarita 

 Philosophica, lib. ix. cap. 40, Basil., 1508, cited by Dr. John Redman Coxe, in Dunglison's 

 American Medical Intelligencer, i. 58, Philad., 1838. 



8 Gall, Sur les Fonctions du Cerveau, ii. 350, Paris, 1835. 



Old Phrenological Head. 



Fig. 137. 



Olfactus 



Gustus 



Phrenological Head by Dolci, A. D. 1562. 



