VIEWS OF PHRENOLOGISTS. 349 



be exerted, be diseased, and continue sound alone, or be transmitted 

 alone from parent to child, &c. Lastly, he points out the part of the 

 encephalon, which he considers to be its organ, founding his decision 

 on numerous empirical observations of the encephalon of men and ani- 

 mals, that have possessed, or been devoid of, the faculty and organ in 

 question ; or have had them in unequal degrees of developement. 



It is impossible, in a work of this kind, to exhibit all the views of 

 Gall, and the arguments he has adduced in favour of the existence of 

 his twenty-seven faculties. The selection of one the instinct of gene- 

 ration will be sufficient to show how he treats of the whole. Gall's 

 instinct of generation is that, which, in each animal species, attracts the 

 individuals of different sexes towards each other for the purpose of effect- 

 ing the work of reproduction. The necessity for such an impulse for the 

 general preservation of animals is manifest. It is to the continuance 

 of the species what the sensation of hunger is to that of the individual. 

 Again: it is certainly primary and fundamental, for it is independent 

 of all external influence. It does not make its appearance until puberty, 

 and disappears long before other faculties. In many animals it returns 

 periodically. In each animal species, and in each individual, it has a 

 special and different degree of energy ; although external circumstances 

 may be much the same in all, or at least may not present differences 

 in any manner proportionate to those of the instinct. It may be either 

 alone active, amidst the languor of other faculties ; or may be alone 

 languishing. Lastly, it cannot be referred to the genital organs, for it 

 has been observed in children, whose organs have not been developed : 

 it has frequently continued to be felt in eunuchs ; and has been expe- 

 rienced by females who, owing to original monstrosity, have had neither 

 ovary [?] nor uterus. The part of the encephalon which is the organ 

 of the instinct, is, according to Gall, the cerebellum. His reasons for 

 this belief are the following. 1st. In the series of animals, a cerebel- 

 lum exists only in those which are reproduced by copulation, and which, 

 consequently, must have the instinct in question. 2dly. There is a per- 

 fect coincidence between the periods at which the cerebellum becomes 

 developed, and the appetite appears. In infancy, it does not exist ; 

 and the organ is therefore small. 3dly. In every species of animal 

 and in every individual, there is a ratio between the size of the cere- 

 bellum and the energy of the inclination. In males, in whom it is 

 generally more imperious, the cerebellum is larger. 4thly. A ratio 

 exists between the structure of the cerebellum and the kind of genera- 

 tion. In oviparous animals, for instance, the cerebellum is smaller at 

 its median part ; and it is only in the " viviparous, that hemispheres 

 exist. 5thly. A similar ratio obtains between the cerebellum and exter- 

 nal genital organs. If the latter are extirpated at an early age, the de- 

 velopement of the cerebellum is arrested, and it continues small for the 

 remainder of life. Neighbouring parts, which are attributes of the 

 male sex, as the horns of the stag, and the crest of the cock, are often 

 similarly stunted. On the other hand, the cerebellum, in its turn, 

 exerts an intimate influence on the venereal appetite ; and modifies the 

 external genital organs. Injuries of the cerebellum either render the per- 

 son impotent, or excite erotic mania. In nymphomania, the patient often 



