494 



MUSCULAR MOTION. 



Muscles of the Head and Face. 



> 20L passions, a few observations on the 



muscles of the human face will be ne- 

 cessary. (Fig. 201.) 



The eyebrow is greatly concerned in 

 expression; and certain muscles are 

 attached to it for the purpose of moving 

 it. The fasciculus of fibres which de- 

 scends from the frontal muscle, and is 

 attached to the side of the nose, has 

 been esteemed, by some, a separate mus- 

 cle, and to have a distinct operation. 

 It draws the inner extremity of the 

 eyebrow downwards. When the orbicu- 

 laris palpebrarum, and the last muscle 

 act, there is a heavy lowering expres- 

 sion. If they yield to the action of the 

 frontal muscle, the eyebrow is arched, 

 and there is a cheerful, inquiring ex- 



i. Frontal portion of occipito-frontaiis. pression. If the corruQator supercilii 

 2. Occipital portion. 3. Aponeurosis. 4. ac ts there is more or less of mental an- 



Orbiculans palpebrarum, which conceals . \ j '-.' i i i 



corrugator superpilii and tensor tarsi. 5. gUlSll, Or 01 pamiui CXerClSC 01 thought. 



If it combines with the frontalis, the 



P omon. y . i^vator mDusupenonsproprius; forehead is furrowed, and there is an 

 the lower part of the levator anguii oris is upward inflection of the inner extremity 



seen between muscles 10 and 11. 10. Zygo- J. , , , . , . ,. 



maticus minor. 11. Zygomaticus major. 12. 01 the CyebrOW, Which indicates more 



Depressor labii inferioris. 13. Depressor f miprnlrma anrl wAnlr an viot AT "TV>o> 



anguii oris. 14. Levator labii inferioris. 15. 01 qUClUiOUS and W6aJ anxiety. 



Superficial portion of masseter. 16 itsdeep arched and polished forehead," says 



portion. 17. Attrahens aurem. 18. Buccina- " J 



tor. 19. Attoiiens aurem. 20. Temporal feir Charles Joell or whose elegant and 



fascia which covers temporal muscle. 21. -w-j , ,-, -, .->-, 



Retrahens aurem. 22. Anterior belly of di- accurate JiiSSayS the author Will OCCa- 



gastricus muscle; the tendon seen passing ei'rmillv avail him<?plf nn thi<a Krnnnh nf 



through its aponeurotic pulley. 23. Stylo- OnailV avail 



hyoid muscle pierced by posterior belly of theSublCCt " terminated by the distinct 



digastricus. 24. Mylo-hyoideus muscle. 25. ... . . .. . v . 



Upper part of stemo-mastoid. 26. Upper line ot the eyebrow, is a table, on which 

 and^is^tEpTeniu^^wn^onO 6 ^ ^ we may see written, in perishable cha- 

 racters, but distinct while they continue, 



the prevailing cast of thought ; and by the indications here, often the mere 

 animal activity, displayed in the motions of the lower part of the face, has 

 a meaning and a force given to it. Independent of the actions of the 

 muscles, their mere fleshiness gives character to this part of the face. 

 The brow of Hercules wants the elevation and form of intelligence ; 

 but there may be observed a fleshy fulness on the forehead, and around 

 the eyes, which conveys an idea of dull brutal strength, with a lower- 

 ing and gloomy expression, which accords with the description in the 

 Iliad" 



Sir Charles separates the orbicular is palpebrarum into two muscles; 

 the outer, fleshy, circular band, which runs round the margin of the 

 orbit; and the lesser band of pale fibres, which lies upon the eyelids. 

 The latter is employed in the act of closing the eyelids, but the former 

 is only drawn into action in combination with the other muscles of the 



1 Essays on the Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression, 3d edit., Lond., 1844. 



