524 



DIGESTION. 



Fig. 225. 



every protracted mor- 

 bid change in the in- 

 dividual organs ; and 

 hence was termed, by 

 Mr. Hunter, the centre 

 of sympathies. 



Like the teeth, the 

 human stomach holds a 

 medium space between 

 that of the carnivorous 

 and herbivorous animal. 

 As the former makes 

 use of aliment, which is 

 more readily assimilated 

 to its own nature, and 

 more nutritious, it is not 

 necessary that it should 

 take food in such large 

 quantities as the latter, 

 or that this should re- 

 main so long in the 

 stomach. On this ac- 

 count, the organ is ge- 

 nerally of much smaller 

 size. On the other 

 hand, as the herbivora 

 subsist solely upon 



grass, 



which contains 



Distribution of the Glosso-Pharyngeal, Pneumogastric and 

 Spinal Accessory Nerves, or the Eighth Pair. 



1. The inferior maxillary nerve. 2. The gustatory nerve. 3. The 

 chorda tympani. 4. The auricular nerve. 5. Its communication 

 with the portio dura. 6. The facial nerve coming out of the stylo- 

 mastoid foramen. 7. The glosso-pharyngeal nerve. 8. Branches to 

 the stylo-pharyngeus muscle. 9. The pharyngeal branch of the 

 pneumogastric nerve descending to form the pharyngeal plexus. 



10. Branches of the glosso-pharyngeal to the pharyngeal plexus. 



11. The pneumogastric nerve. 12. The pharyngeal plexus. 13. The 

 superior laryngeal branch. 14. Branches to the pharyngeal plexus. 

 15, 15. Communication of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves. 

 16. Cardiac branches. 17. Cardiac branches from the right pneumo- 

 gastric nerve. 18. The left cardiac ganglion and plexus. 19. The 

 recurrent or inferior laryngeal nerve. 20. Branches sent from the 

 curve of the recurrent nerve to the pulmonary plexus. 21. The 

 anterior pulmonary plexus. 22, 22. The cesophageal plexus. 



but a small quantity of 

 nutritious matter, and 

 that not easy of assimi- 



i , , 



ifttlOn, It IS 



that the quantity taken 

 in should be ample; 

 that it should remain 

 for some time in the 

 organ, subjected to the 

 action 01 its secretions ; 

 and, in the ruminant 

 class, be returned into 

 the mouth, to undergo 

 fresh mastication. 

 In this class, the stomach is of prodigious extent. In the ox, which 

 we may take as an example of the general structure of the organ, it 

 consists of four separate compartments. The first stomach, A A, Fig. 

 226, ventrieulus or paunch, is much the largest. Externally, it has two 

 sacs or appendices; and, internally, is slightly divided into four compart- 

 ments. The second stomach is the reticulum, bonnet or honey -comb bag, B, 

 which appears to be a globular appendix to the paunch. It is situate to 

 the right of the resophagus, Or, and has usually a thicker muscular coat 

 than the paunch. Its inner surface is arranged in irregular pentagonal 



