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 Sa/ 



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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 



INTRODUCTION J ///- "// 



PHYSIOLOGY is the science of normar life. - jJ jV may be 

 divided into: " Jij ^ ' -, 



1. General Physiology, i.e. the sciende, cf h0 fc general 

 properties of life or of the character of the livjng substance. 



2. Special Physiology, i.e. the science^, of^tfte vital 

 phenomena of individual living beings (e.g^mar^ animals, 

 plants), and of the single organs of the living >eijigs, 



This manual treats of the essentials of human physiology. 

 As an introduction, a brief survey of general physiology is 

 prefixed. \*\>* 



GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 



1. METABOLISM. IRRITABILITY 



The living body contains no other elements and forces 

 than those found in the inanimate world. There is no 

 special 4k Vital Force. " The properties of life are dependent 

 upon the chemical and physical properties of the living sub- 

 stance. The composition of this substance is not known ; 

 in fact, it is a question whether it is chemically an indi- 

 vidual substance or a mixture of different bodies. 



The vital processes comprise chemical and physical 

 processes the changes of matter and energy [metabolism]. 



Metabolism consists of two processes: On the one hand, 

 the living being continually splits up and, by the addition of 



