480 THE BRAIN. 



was passed into the cerebral substance, making a wound one inch in 

 length and half an inch in depth, when the abscess was reached and pus 

 discharged. The patient immediately aroused from his comatose con- 

 dition, and was able to speak; but the collection of pus afterward 

 returned, and the patient finally died at the end of seven weeks from 

 the time of opening the abscess. 



In another case, 1 a pointed iron bar, three feet and a half in length, 

 and one inch and a quarter in diameter, was driven through a man's 

 head by the premature blasting of a rock. The bar entered the left side 

 of the face, near the angle of the jaw, and passed obliquely upward, 

 inside the zygomatic arch and through the anterior part of the cranial 

 cavity, emerging from the frontal bone at the median line, just in front 

 of the point of union of the coronal and sagittal sutures. The patient 

 became delirious within two days after the accident, and subsequently 

 remained partly delirious and partly comatose for about three weeks. 

 He then began to improve, and at the end of rather more than two 

 months from the date of the injury was able to walk about. At the 

 end of sixteen months the wounds were healed, and the patient had 

 recovered his general health, though with loss of sight in the eye of the 

 injured side. 



The patient survived for a little over twelve years, being able to do 

 the ordinary work of an ostler, coachman, and farm-laborer, in all of 

 which occupations he was employed at various intervals. He died in 

 1861, after a short illness accompanied by convulsions. The skull, 

 which was subsequently deposited in the Warren Anatomical Museum, 2 

 shows the openings corresponding with the points of entrance and exit 

 of the iron bar. 



The conclusions derived from comparative anatomy, from pathological 

 observations in man, and from experiments upon animals, all show that 

 the cerebral hemispheres are especially connected with the manifesta- 

 tions of conscious intelligence, as distinguished from involuntary reflex 

 actions, simple sensations, or instinctive movements. 



I. So far as we can judge of the character and extent of these mani- 

 festations in the lower animals, they correspond directly with the develop- 

 ment of the hemispheres, rather than with that of any other portion of 

 the encephalon. In many of the lower animals, muscular power and 

 endurance, the activity of some of the special senses, and the promptitude 

 and certainty of the instincts, are much greater than in man ; while in 

 the human species, the intelligence is the only faculty which is invari- 

 ably superior to that of animals, and which always gives to man the 

 advantage over them. Even among animals, that which especially cha- 

 racterizes certain species, and which most nearly resembles that of man, 

 is a teachable intelligence ; that is, one which understands the meaning 



1 American Journal of the Medical Sciences, Philadelphia, July, 1850. 



2 J. B. S. Jackson, Descriptive Catalogue of the Warren Anatomical Museum. 

 Boston, 1870, p. 145. 



