THE STYLE OF FRANCIS I. 



block or wing. Flat roofs also became not uncommon from this time 

 onwards, especially over galleries ; they were sometimes covered with 

 slabs of wrought stone. The roof masses were broken up by rich and 

 monumental chimney-stacks, lanterns, and dormers (Figs. 46, 52, and 

 55). Pierced balustrades ran from dormer to dormer, and many- 

 membered cornices reminiscent of machicolations still prevailed 

 (Figs. 49 and 56). 



DOORWAYS AND WINDOWS. 

 Doorways and windows became 

 larger than in Gothic times. The 

 commonest type of window was 

 two lights wide, with one or more 

 transoms, and was called croisee 

 from the stone cross thus formed 

 (Fig. 44). They are square- 

 headed, but occasionally have 

 the shoulders rounded. 



A characteristic feature is 

 the arrangement of windows in 

 vertical stripes (Fig. 44), often 

 combined with a dormer above 

 and a doorway below, the entire 

 group being framed in by pil- 

 asters, tier above tier, each pair 

 connected by panels or friezes, 

 while the intervening wall spaces 

 were decorated with a central 

 ornament (Fig. 49). This stripe 

 treatment tended to maintain the 

 vertical character of the eleva- 

 tions as much as the frequency 

 of towers and stair-turrets. The 

 main staircase continued to be 

 the occasion of an important 

 feature. 



ORIELS, " TROMPES." Oriels and overhanging turrets were frequent 

 (Fig. 41). The problem of carrying these and similar structures was 

 congenial to the national delight in scientific stone-cutting, and gave 

 rise to a feature almost peculiar to French architecture, the trompe, 

 This is a method of corbelling in the form of a vault or portion of a 

 dome, whose function is to carry projections in the upper part of a 

 building, its construction varying according to its position. The 

 "trompe dans le coin" is placed across a re-entering angle to carry 

 a diagonal or convex wall (Fig. 233A). The pendentive, or "trompe en 



CASTLE OF BLOIS : CHIMNEY-STACK. 



