THE STYLE OF FRANCIS I. 93 



DOMES, BARREL VAULTS, &c. Forms intermediate between rib 

 vaults and barrels or domes also occur, in which the construction 

 belongs to the latter system, but non-functional ribs are retained, as 

 in the cloisters of St Martin, Tours (Fig. 89). True barrels do not 

 appear till the second half of Francis I.'s reign, when they are found 

 in the lower castle chapel at Fleurigny (1532), in those at Chambord, 

 and that of St Saturnin at Fontainebleau (1540-45). 



A few attempts were also made in dome construction, but always on 

 a small scale. The first would appear to have been in the Bishop's 

 Chapel at Le Mans (1510), now destroyed, and there does not seem 

 to be any extant example belonging to this period, except the mausolca 

 mentioned later (see p. 107), which are all on a small scale. Semi- 

 domes over apses are not uncommon, e.g., at Sens and St Saturnin. 

 Longni and the upper chapel at Fleurigny are among the rare examples 

 (the latter a pointed barrel) of timber roofs. 



ARCHES. The pointed arch gradually lost ground, though surviving 

 sporadically, especially in windows. In doorways it is rare, semi- 

 circular or depressed arches taking its place. Where it occurs, both 

 in doorways and arcades, a keyblock is sometimes introduced to disguise 

 the point (Fig. 94). Arcades are either pointed or semicircular. The 

 transverse vaulting ribs are also often semicircular or slightly stilted. 

 Pointed and round arches are sometimes used concurrently. Archivolts 

 are variously treated, but generally with receding mouldings. 



TRIFORIA. St Eustache has a triforium over the arcades, but this 

 feature is not very frequent ; interesting examples, however, occur in 

 St Taurin, Evreux (Fig. 93) ; Notre Dame, Guingamp (Fig. 94) ; and 

 St Pantaleon, Troyes. 



ELEVATIONS, ROOFS. In elevation all the types usual in the Middle 

 Ages are reproduced, and their preponderatingly vertical character main- 

 tained. Flat roofs, as in the chevet of St Pierre, Caen, are rare, and 

 high roofs, as at St Eustache, almost universal, usually ending on the 

 west and transept fronts in gables of more or less elaboration, and 

 hipped off at the east end. At the intersection was occasionally a 

 tower, as at St Jean, Caen, or more usually a timber fleche, as at St 

 Eustache. Fleches also often occur on single roofs, as on the chapels 

 at Chenonceaux and Champigny-sur-Veude (Figs. 95 and 96). The 

 eaves cornice is often surmounted by a balustrade : thus at La Ferte 

 Bernard is one composed of statuettes in a miniature arcade, and 

 others of open-work inscriptions ; at St Pierre, Caen, again they consist 

 of griffins, vases, and cherubs (Fig. 113). 



WEST FRONTS : ST EUSTACHE. St Eustache offers typical examples 

 of the long sides, transept fronts, and apsidal termination of a church, 

 distinguishable only by their detail from those of mediaeval times. Its 

 west front, as originally designed, is known only from seventeenth 



