222 



RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IX FRANCE. 





(Fig. 225). Tall dormers 

 with rectangular open- 

 ings and pediments often 

 alternate with short ones 

 with ceils de boeuf and 

 curved tops (Fig. 240). 



Under Louis XIII. 

 the desire for better 

 lighting and the complete 

 disappearance of the old 

 prejudice against large 

 openings in outer walls 

 led to a further increase 

 in the size of windows, 

 which often extended 

 from the floor almost to 

 the ceiling (Fig. 216). 

 Stone mullions and tran- 

 soms, too, began to be 

 abandoned for wooden 

 ones, and lead cames for 

 wooden sash-bars. In 

 inferior rooms, however, 

 oiled linen was still used 

 instead of glass. This 



was the case, even in the palace of Fontainebleau, as late as the reign 

 of Louis XIV. Dormers which, under Henry IV., were generally of 

 sober outline were often treated with great richness in the Flemish 

 barocco spirit. But the popularity of Mansard roofs, which could be 

 lit by inconspicuous dormers, often covered with metal (mansardcs), 

 led to the gradual disappearance of the monumental stone dormers, 

 hitherto so characteristic of French architecture. 



LIMITS OF BAROCCO INFLUENCE. While the barocco manner 

 principally affected internal decoration it was not entirely confined to it. 

 Pediments broken and voluted, or even reversed, polygonal arches, 

 florid leather work cartouches, and grimacing masks make their appear- 

 ance on the exterior here and there from the first, side by side with 

 the semi-dormers and semi-giant orders, which were relics of the time 

 of the civil wars. These barocco elements do not appear to have 

 increased in any appreciable degree after Rubens' visit, except as 

 regards the decoration of particular features such as doorways, e.g., 

 those of the Hotel de Chalons, Rue Geoffrey 1'Asnier in Paris, and the 

 Chateau des Ifs (Fig. 212). The movement even at its height was with 

 few exceptions always kept within bounds by the essential modera- 



221. CHATEAU OF BEAUMESML : DETAIL 

 OF WINDOWS. 



