254 RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE. 



interest in theology ; reforms were attempted in Church patronage 

 and in clerical education and morals ; innumerable orders and missions 

 sprang into being. 



ECCLESIASTICAL ARCHITECTS. Great activity ensued in the build- 

 ing not only of churches and convents, but also of educational and 

 charitable institutions founded by the Church herself, or by the civil 

 power under its new sense of responsibility. Most of the secular 

 architects of the day had much work of this kind and some were 

 almost exclusively employed in it. The principal among these was 

 the Jesuit, Etienne Martellange (1569-1641) who carried out works 

 for his Order in all parts of France. He appears to have been of 

 Italian origin, and though born at Lyons, spent many years in Italy, 

 returning to France with the Jesuits in 1603. While adopting some- 

 thing approaching the Henry IV. style in the more utilitarian buildings 

 he was called upon to erect, his leanings were to the severe Roman 

 School, when occasion called for more monumental treatment. On 

 the other hand, his colleague, Francois Derand (1588-1644), who was born 

 near Metz, felt the influence of Flemish barocco, and his work in 

 consequence more nearly approximates to what is generally understood 

 by the term Jesuit style. Another ecclesiastical architect with a 

 considerable practice in the Rhone valley was Frangois des Royers de la 

 Valseniere (1575-1667), a member of a family of Piedmontese architects 

 settled in Avignon. One of his principal works was the Chartreuse 

 du Val-lez-Avignon, a sumptuous set of buildings in an emphatic 

 barocco style, influenced by Italy rather than Flanders. Later in life 

 he adopted a severer manner. 



COLLEGES, HOSPITALS, &c. Most of the scholastic and charitable 

 institutions of the period, together with the bulk of the conventual 

 buildings, were of the sober Henry IV. type. The College de France 

 was rebuilt by Chastillon under Henry IV., the Sorbonne by Le Mercier 

 (1629), and a large number of new colleges were built in many cases by 

 Martellange for the Jesuits, such as those at Moulins (1606), a very 

 attractive building of stone and patterned brick ; at Cahors, with a 

 pretty octagonal brick tower; at Rouen (1609); Abbeville, and Eu 

 (c. 1630-40). Typical of the charitable institutions are the Hospital 

 of St Louis in Paris by Chastillon, founded by Henry IV. for decayed 

 officers and gentlemen ; the Hospice de la Charite at Lyons, an 

 Asylum for the aged and infirm, by Martellange (1616), planned with 

 quadrangles of which all but the central one had one open side, and 

 provided with arcaded galleries turned towards the sun ; the Hotel-Dieu, 

 or hospital, at Lyons by Laure (1623). 



PROTESTANT CHURCHES. The Edict of Nantes permitted the 

 erection of Protestant churches, known in France as "Temples," but of 

 these little is known, since almost all were destroyed after its revocation 



