470 RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE. 



on receiving the recognition of the Institute, and being incorporated with 

 its other art schools, it was removed to the College des Quatre Nations, 

 which had been assigned to that body as its headquarters. The art 

 school was finally removed in 1816 to the Petits Augustins, on 

 whose site it now stands under the name of Ecole des Beaux Arts, 

 but to a large extent freed from its dependence on the Institute. 

 In 1803 the Government school in Rome was transferred to the Villa 

 Medici (or as the French call it " Medicis ") on the Pincio, which it 

 still occupies. 



EFFECTS OF THE REVOLUTION. The Revolutionary era not only 

 built virtually nothing, thus already producing a hiatus in the progress 

 of architecture, but it demolished or defaced many existing monuments, 

 especially in the case of churches and aristocratic mansions. The 

 destruction of the entire city of Lyons was even decided upon, to 

 punish it for its counter-revolutionary tendencies. It was partly carried 

 out under the superintendence of Couthon (1793), and the Directory 

 had to repair the worst damage done by rebuilding the facades of the 

 Place Bellecour. 



The emigration, ruin, or death of the aristocracy, and the overthrow 

 of royalty, deprived architects and decorators of their best patrons. 

 Some had to choose between employment abroad and starvation, 

 Others did not pass scatheless through the Terror. Antoine was 

 incarcerated on the charge of having constructed subterraneous 

 passages from the Mint to the Seine, so as to facilitate the exportation 

 of specie to England, but was released at the request of the contractors 

 working on the new fortifications, who stated that his presence was 

 indispensable for the checking of their accounts. A. F. Peyre, who 

 as keeper of the Palace of Fontainebleau devoted himself to protecting 

 the works of art it contained, was himself confined in it, on its being 

 converted into a prison. Belanger, who was imprisoned in the 

 Luxembourg, met there an old flame, whom he married on their 

 release. Chalgrin was detained in the same building, and survived 

 to adapt it for the use of the Directory. Hubert Robert employed 

 his time in sketching his fellow-prisoners at St Lazare, and owed his 

 escape, after being condemned to death, to a mistake of the gaoler, 

 who put another man of the same name in the day's batch of victims 

 in his place. Others were less fortunate : Moreau Desproux was 

 beheaded in 1793 as having served the Duke of Orleans, while Mique 

 and his son suffered for their services to the Queen. They went to 

 the guillotine on 8th July 1794, a fortnight before the fall of Robespierre 

 brought the Terror to an end. 



CAUSES OF CHANGE IN STYLE. Of the greater architects of the 

 Louis XVI. period, Gabriel, Soufflot, and Contant d'lvry died before 

 the Revolution ; Antoine, Louis, and Couture soon after. Those who 



