MALANDERS — SCRATCHES. 155 



ment, but still becomes worse, it will run into mange, and 

 must be treated as such. 



MALANDERS AND SALANDERS. 



Horses are subject to a scurfy eruption on the inside of the 

 legs — in front of the hough in the hind-legs, and behind the 

 knee in the fore-legs — which becomes scabb}^ and cracks. But 

 little inconvenience results from it. When it occurs in the 

 hind-legs, the disease is termed salanders; when in the fore- 

 legs, malanders. These ailments, or, rather, this ailment, oc- 

 curs very seldom in this country. My own observation in 

 Europe has led me to the conclusion that the lime-dust of 

 graded roads, thrown on the parts where the skin is so much 

 in action, acts as a caustic, causing this affection. It occurs, 

 generally, in coach-horses of every-day work. 



Treatment. — Wash clean with soap and warm water, once a 

 day, and apply the ointment recommended for grease, or 

 scratches, which see. 



SCRATCHES, OR GREASE. 



This is an affection very common in most countries. It 

 starts in the cavity above the heel, between it and the fetlock. 

 It is characterized, when fully developed, by hard scabs ; some- 

 times in clusters, but often covering the leg from the heel to 

 the knee or hough ; or by deep cracks in the skin. The disease 

 may properly be divided into two stages ; the first being what 

 is generally termed scratches, and the second being known 

 under the name of grease, or grease-heel. 



Spnjjtoms. — The usual symptoms of inflammation will be 

 observed about the heels in the first of the attack of scratches, 

 as heat, pain, swelling, and redness of the skin. But with 

 those who do not pay careful attention to their horses, and our 

 farmers generally belong to this class, this inflammation of the 



