172 NAVIN ON THE HOESE. 



M M, Carpus or knee-joint, consisting of two rows of bones. 



K H", Cannon, the shank or shin-bones; also, the splint-bones behind. 



g ff, The upper and lower pastern-bones which rest on the coffin-bones below, one 

 ehowing the hoof on. 



h h, The hind pasterns, no hoof on, but one showing the lamellse. 



T T, The hind cannon or shank, showing the splint-bones behind. 



S S, The hough joint, showing the asti-agalus or hough-bone, the oscalcis or tip of 

 the hough, and the two rows of joint-bones. 



R R, The tibia or leg-bone between the hough and the femoral or th'gh-bone, called 

 femurs. 



Q, The stifles, coi-respouding to the knee-cap of a man. They are out of place, to 

 show their shape. 



P P, The femoral femurs or upper thigh-bones. 



0, The pelvis, or bones forming the haunch, receiving the upper end of the femur 

 into its socket, and hinging with the back or spinal vertebrte between figures 4 and 6. 



S, Under and back of this letter is the ischium, being the part into which the thigh- 

 bone works. 



/ /, The ribs fast by a hinge to the back or vertebral column, and joined by a cartil- 

 age, at their lower ends, and the cartilage ends in the sternum or breast-bone. 



SUEGIOAL DISEASES AND INJUEIES. 



In this part of the work I shall treat of those ailments 

 which require operative interference in their treatment. 

 They embrace those diseases which result in the change of 

 the solid parts of the system, and require, principally, other 

 means than the internal administration of medicines for their 

 cure ; also, wounds, bruises, tumors, broken bones, dislocation 

 of joints, and sprains. This embraces a most extensive part 

 of veterinary practice, and in which the skill of the horse 

 doctor is subjected to a severe test. He may make blunders 

 in giving medicine, and none can know it, but he can not get 

 off so easily where all can see what he is doing. It requires 

 a clear head and steady hand to be able to succeed well in 

 this branch of the veterinary art. There are many things to 

 be taken into consideration in every case j^resented. The 

 first is, to ascertain the exact nature and extent of the injury; 



