324 NAVIN ON THE HORSE. 



carriage, run the reins through two rings suspended from the 

 throat-latch, and pass them over the hook, or turret, at the top 

 of the surcingle, making the reins short enough to elevate the 

 head to the position required. 



If for a saddle-horse, pass the reins through the turrets at 

 the sides, not passing them through the rings at the throat- 

 lash, and unite them by a strap, or cord across the neck, just 

 forward of the withers. By this the position of the head can 

 be regulated — made either higher or lower, as may be required. 



If for a racer or hunter, use the latter arrangement, with a 

 martingale to keep the head down. In either case, let the 

 horse move around three hours each day in the stable or yard. 

 This is done to let him champ and make the mouth tender, and 

 to accustom him to the constrained position of the head and 

 neck. After the mouth has become somewhat accustomed to 

 the bit, a cavezon is put on, and the horse is by this taught to 

 turn. This consists of a loop of iron to pass around the nose, 

 with a ring on each side of the mouth, and a projecting turret, 

 four or five inches rising from the front of the nose ; at its end 

 is a ring. It is held on by a headstall and by a strap at the 

 back of the chin, by which the two sides are united. By this 

 strap it can be tightened or loosened. 



The rope or rein is first fastened in the ring in the turret in 

 •front of the nose. Then the horse is made to turn, first one 

 way and then the other, and run around in a circle, and so on, 

 until he becomes accustomed to turning. After some time the 

 rein may be put in one of the rings of the cavezon at the side 

 of the mouth, and the horse exercised as before. This opera- 

 tion is called allonging tlie horse. After this, two reins may be 

 used, the trainer standing behind the horse, and he may be 

 taught to move forward, turn sidewise and back. After this 

 the horse may be backed, and accustomed to the use of the 

 rein in the hands of the rider. And here will be required a 

 trainer who understands his business, or former labor will 

 amount to but little. If the horse is for a hackney, his head 



