376 NAVIN ox THE HORSE. 



H, H, H, H, The great convex or circular border of the stom.ich. 



I, I, I, The concave border, opposite to the convex border of the stomach. 



K, The fundus, or culdesac, (fundus, the bottom; culdesac, the bottom of a bag). 



L, The small culdesac. 



M, M, The nerves of the stomach as they pass along the gullet and branch over the stom- 

 ach by the sympathetic nerves. Disease caused by injudicious feeding is conveyed to the 

 destined locality of the disease through sympathy of the parts with the stomach. The in- 

 voluntary nerves are those which stimulate the stomach in the motion necessary to diges- 

 tion, independent of the will. The sensitive nerves are also present, ,by which pain and 

 satisfaction are felt, and by which the horse knows when he has enough of food in the 

 stomach. 



N The duodenum, called by some the second stomach. Here the bile from the liver and^ 

 the secretion from the sweet-bread, or pancreas, enter through two ducts. These fluids 

 change the chyme formed out of the food by the gastric fluid into a mass called chyle. It 

 is then fit for nutriment, to be taken up into the general system. (See article on that 



topic.) 



0, The ducts receiving the bile and secretions from the liver and pancreas. 



P, P, P, P, P, P, P, The jejunum and ileum. 



Q, Represents a portion of the mesentery, which covers and keeps the bowels in their 

 proper situations, and other purposes. This is thrown open to show its connections with 

 the bowels. (See article on the "Bowels.") For this purpose I put the bowels in this 

 shape. 



R, Here the ileum enters the junction of the coecum and colon by what is called the iliac 

 valve, or junction. 



S, The caecum, or water-pouch, called the blind-gut. 



T, T, T, The colon, or great gut. It is the largest of all the bowels. 



U, U, The rectum, or last gut. 



W, W, The anus, or outer passage from the bowels. 



X, Sphincter muscle, which closes the fundament. It is voluntary and involuntary. It 

 closes with or independent of the will. 



THE OKGANS OF DIGESTION. 



These include all those parts of the animal concerned in pre- 

 paring the food for repairing and building up the body. They 

 extend from the mouth back to the last bowel. Those situated 

 in the mouth are the lips, teeth, tongue, and the salivary glands. 

 The gullet, or esophagus, leads from the mouth to the stomach. 

 The organs of digestion situated in the belly, or abdomen, are, 

 the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, liver, spleen, 

 pancreas, kidneys, and bladder. Of these the spleen, kidneys, 



