THE BLADDER. 387 



from her course shortly, she would fall, evidently from weak- 

 ness of the hind-parts. On the second day she was bled, but 

 without doing any good. On the third day I gave her quite 

 half a gallon of lime-water, and she began to mend immedi- 

 ately. ' I have found this remedy effectual, ever since, in this 

 disease.' This differs from other kinds of staggers in the 

 mental symptoms. The horse's mind seems good enough, 

 generally, but he labors under a delusion, thinking that he is 

 still laboring at whatever work he last performed. It is per- 

 haps occasioned by some derangement of the kidneys, the 

 brain sympathizing. This is most likely produced by the 

 animal getting too much salt with his grass for a considerable 

 time, as is often the case in those districts bordering on the 

 ocean, where all vegetation is ready salted by the dew and 

 spray. 



THE BLADDER. 



The bladder is a sack composed of a very elastic membrane 

 of a white color, and which is situated in the back part of the 

 cavity of the belly, beneath the rectum, or last gut. It is of a 

 pear shape, and two small tubes enter into its larger part, or 

 body. These are the ureters, two small tubes, or ducts, one of 

 which comes from each kidney, and which convey the urine 

 from the kidneys into the bladder. When there is no urine in 

 the bladder it is very small, but when it is full it holds several 

 quarts. One large tube starts from the bladder at its small 

 end, which is called the urethra. Its use is to carry the urine 

 away from the bladder. 



It has already been stated that the bladder is to receive the 

 urine. It is retained in it as a sort of reservoir, until by an 

 effort of the will, the tube leading from the bladder is opened, 

 when the water is ejected in a stream by the contracting jx>wer 

 of the muscular coat of the bladder. The bladder is liable to 

 inflammation, and stones sometimes form in it. 



The urethra passes down the organ called the penis in the 



