416 NAVIN OX THE HORSE. 



piece of bark clown on the longer slope, and cut it throngh at 

 the thin side, where it is already nearly in two; then bring 

 these two ends of this cut ring into the middle of the ring, 

 hold them there, but, instead of letting them curve gradually 

 in, break them at the place they start to curve in, so as to form 

 a V- shaped notch at the back of this ring. You thus have an 

 exact representation of the form of the outside crust, and of 

 its two reflections inward to form the bars, the two sicfes of the 

 V-shaped notch representing the bars. 



For descrijDtion and reference, the wall is divided into the 

 toe, which embraces the front part of the wall, nearly all of it 

 that is seen when the foot stands immediately in front of the 

 observer. It is the deepest and thickest part of the wall. 

 When the hoof is prepared for the shoe, its depth from the 

 edge of the hair to the tip of the toe measures about three 

 and a half inches. The slant backward is at an angle of about 

 forty-five degrees, or just half-way between level with the 

 ground and straight up. Its thickness is from three-eighths 

 to half an inch. 



The quarters lie between the toe and the heels ; they form 

 the lateral (to the side) projections of the wall. Their hight 

 is not so great as that of the toe, being from two to three 

 inches, and from one-fourth to three-eighths thick. 



The heels are the shallowest, narrowest, and thinnest parts of 

 the crust. They form the back part of it, extending from the 

 quarters to where the crust is turned or inflected inward to 

 form the bars. Their depth is from one and a half to two 

 inches. Their thickness is about one-fourth of an inch, the 

 outer one being a little the thickest. 



The bars are continuations of the wall, turned shortly in at 

 the heels toward the center of the foot, where they meet. They 

 separate the sole from the frog, their inner edge forming a 

 ridge or prominence on the inside of the foot, and their outer 

 edge forming the prominences or ridges running from the heels 

 toward the middle of the bottom of the foot. (See cut, p. 419.) 



