110 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER 



person employed in pulling the beast in a favourable 

 position. 



4. — Wlien the hind legs makes the first appear- 

 ance, — it will be found better to extract the calf in 

 this position, with care, than to attempt to turn them. 

 • 5. — TJie shoulder sometimes first presents itself . — 

 This is a difficult case, and requires the hand to be in- 

 troduced in search for the fore legs : or the hind legs 

 may be brought forward, if they appear most conveni- 

 ently placed : but this must be left to the care and 

 judgment of the party employed. 



These are the most usual cases of unnatural presen- 

 tations : and may, with care and a little experience, be 

 surmounted ; but when tJie calf is dropsical in the 

 head, which may be known by the largeness of that 

 part, and the wasting away of the others, or if it be 

 dead, instrumental aid will then be necessary, and 

 prompt and experienced assistance must be obtained : 

 it will be worse than useless, therefore, to give any 

 directions in cases where the slightest error would be 

 fatal, and where no other aid than that of the most 

 experienced veterinary surgeon can be of the slightest 

 avail. 



HOW TO TREAT THE NAVAL STRING 

 AFTER EXTRACTION. 



When the calf is taken from the cow, and been pro- 

 perly cleaned, either by the animal licking it, or with 

 a clean linen cloth, let the umbilical cord or naval 

 string be properly secured, with a ligature in the fol- 

 lowing manner : — 



Tie a waxed thread of several thicknesses, several 

 times round the naval string, about two inches from 

 the body ; secure it with a double knot, then take a 



