240 EVERY MAN HIS OWN FARRIER 



throughout the tree, and thus rendering it noxious to 

 insects. 



Caterpillars, 



The above directions, for keeping Canker-worms 

 from trees, are equally applicable to these insects. 



Grubs, 



Large maggots produced from the eggs of a spe- 

 cies of the butterfly, very injurious to Indian corn, 

 while young, by eating the roots. Frequent plough- 

 ings, manuring the land with lime, soot, ashes, or salt, 

 all tend much to keep them out of the soil. 



Top or spindle worm. 



White worms, resembling grubs, found Hn the 

 central hole which is formed by the leaves of Indian 

 corn ; and they there eat off the stem which forms the 

 top of the plant. They are mostly to be found near 

 barn-yards, and in rich spots. 



They are discovered by their excrement appearing 

 on the leaves. Sprinkling 'the corn with a weak lye 

 of wood-ashes will extirpate them. 



Bhjck Worms, 



AsH-coLOURED worms, with black stripes on their 

 backs. When full grown, they are of the thickness 

 of a goose-quill, and about an inch and a quarter long. 

 They hide in the soil by day, and commit their depre- 

 dations by night. They eat off young plants above 

 ground, and frequently endeavour to draw them under. 

 It is said that manuring the ground with salt will drive 



