NFW SOUTH WALES. 



0. The Hawkesbury is another very fine river, which rises in the 

 CulLarin Range and flows northerly for 190 miles ; then its course turns 

 to the east, and near this point it is joined by large tributaries, the 

 Colo and the Macdonald. Sections of the river are, unfortunately, 

 known by different names, the upper portion being the Warragamba, 

 the central portion the Nepean, and the rest the Hawkesbury. The 

 r;ver is navigable 140 miles, to Windsor, and in its lower reaches the 

 scenery is magnificent, far exceeding Sydney Harbour in grandeur and 

 extent, but of the same genei-al character. The alluvial lands of this 

 river were the first wheat fields of the young colony, but wheat has 

 long since given place to lucerne, a far more profitable crop. The 

 whole length of the river is 330 miles, and it drains an area of 8,G00 

 square miles, and has eighteen tributary streams. 



10. The Shoalhaven River is the largest of those south of Sydney. It 

 takes its origin in a swamp called Carombars, at an elevation of 2,800 

 feet. This river is 2G0 miles in length, and drains an area of 3,300 

 square miles. In its upper reaches it passes through very rough coun- 

 try, in which minerals abound, especially gold. In its lower reaches 

 it flows through rich agricultural land. Owing to obstacles in the 

 river, it is only navigable for 12 miles. 



11. The Clyde River is an important stream, taking its rise in the 

 Pigeonhouse Mountain, and flowing 70 miles in a southerly course to 

 Bateman's Bay ; it drains 450 square miles of country, which is rich in 

 dairy and agricultural land. 



12. The Moruya River rises near Araluen, and flows 80 miles to S.E., 

 into a wide estuary. This river drains 350 square miles, and is the 

 only outlet by water of the rich auriferous districts of Araluen and 

 Braidwood. In its lower reaches are found magnificent alluvial flats. 

 In its upper course it passes through rugged country containing abun- 

 dance of gold-bearing quartz and very rich silver ore. The river 

 abounds in fish and oysters. 



13. The Turas River rises in a lofty mountain known as Barren- 

 Jumbo, and takes a N.E. course through rich pastoral and mineral 

 lands. It drains 600 square miles of country. 



14. The Bega River is a fine stream, rising in the coast ranges and 

 flowing east 60 miles to the sea thi"Ough a rich pastoral and agricul- 

 tural land. Great quantities of butter, cheese, &c., are produced in the 

 district, while amongst its mineral stores are abundance of coal and 

 kerosene shale. 



15. Towamba River rises in the eastern slopes of the coast range; 

 thence it flows 40 miles through a rich pastoral and agricultural dis- 

 trict into Twofold Bay, 280 miles south of Sydney. This is the port 

 from which cattle for the Tasmanian market are shipped. 



Neglecting the smaller streams and the portions of these rivers which 

 could easily be made navigable by the removal of a few trees, we have 

 in actual use 5 15 miles of navigable water in our coastal rivers. 



Ilarhoiirs. 



New South Wales has a coast-line of 800 miles on which, compara- 

 tively, very little stormy weather is experienced. 



liefore the coast was well lighted easterly gales were dangerous, 

 but now the lighthouses guide the mariner into the places of shelter 



