RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. 313 



graduate. For a while lie pursued his duties as best he might, the 

 first church-building we hear about being set up by liiin in 179:3. 

 Service was first performed in that wattle-and-plaster structure on 

 August 25th in that year, but Mr. Johnson subsequently became a 

 Moravian Methodist, and left the colony after about fourteen years' 

 stay. Next came a man whose name is even better known — Samuel 

 Marsden, son of a Yorkshn-e blacksmith, and for many years subse- 

 quently a magistrate and senior chaplain of the colony. Pie arrived 

 in 1794, and lived long enough to see Responsible Government 

 established in the country which he had known in such an humble 

 stage. The father of the present Dean Cowper came out under his 

 auspices in 1809. Fifteen years later Mr. Thomas Ilobbes Scott, 

 who had been secretary to Mr. Bigge's Commission, was appointed 

 archdeacon of the colony at a salary of £2,000 per annum, and at the 

 same time the Church and Schools Corporation was instituted by 

 letters patent. This instrument practically constituted the Church of 

 England the State Church, with rich endowments. One-seventh of 

 the lands of the whole continent, following the Canadian ])recedent, 

 was set aside for its maintenance, and until this great asset became 

 of value the denomination was allowed to draw upon the Government 

 funds by way of advance. The privilege appears to have been freely 

 used. The amount spent on Church of England expenses in 1828, for 

 instance, when the population was less than 37,000 and the adherents 

 of the Church about half that number, is set down at £22,000. When 

 Sir Richard Bourke arrived the objections to this outlay were brought 

 under his notice, and in 18:33 that Governor in a despatch to Lord 

 Stanley laid down certain lines of administration, in the spirit if not 

 in the exact letter of which the question has been viewed ever since. 

 He dwelt on the duty of the State to encourage religion in the interests 

 of public order, and urged that the Churches should be assisted from 

 State funds in proportion to the numbers of their adherents. He, 

 therefore, recommended that instead of confining the payments to the 

 Church of England arrangements of a similar character should be 

 made with the Roman Catholic Church and Presbyterian bodies, as 

 the next in numbers, and provision left to meet the case of any other 

 denominations afterwards making a claim. The suggestion was adopted 

 and continued in force until State aid was abolished altogether — about 

 a generation later. Meanwhile, the affairs of the leading denomina- 

 tion continued to flourish. The Governor laid the foundation stone 

 of St. Andrew's Cathedral in 1837. The first Australian bishop (Dr. 

 Broughton) was consecrated in 1834, and Dr. Perry and Dr. Tyrrell 

 took the episcopal charge of Melbourne and Newcastle respectively 

 in 1847. Bishop Selwyn of Auckland and Bishop Short of Adelaide 

 belong to the same year, while Dr. Nixon of Tasmania dates back to 

 1842. Perth and Lyttleton were constituted diocese in 1850, Brisbane 

 in 1859, and since that year the record of modern growth has been a 

 full one. 



The Roman Catholic record begins with the chaplain of the French 

 expedition under La Perouse, who was buried at Botany Bay Avhile the 

 First Fleet lay at anchor in Port Jackson. But the first clergymen of 

 that denomination who actually followed the duties of their calling were 

 the Reverends Harold, O'Neil, and Dixon, transported for complicity in 



