314 ^'^^V SOUTH WALES. 



tlie Irish political trovibles of 1798. The first public service was held 

 by permission of the Governor in 1803, and the first ecclesiastically- 

 authorised clergyman, Archpriest O'Flynn, arrived in 1817, was sent 

 back as having no official authorisation ; but two accredited and salaried 

 chaplains were then sent to take his place. Such men as Therry, 

 Conolly, Ullathorne (late Bishop of Birmingham, who recently wrote an 

 interesting book of early Australian reminiscences), and McEucroe fol- 

 loAved, and in 1835 Dr. Folding arrived as Vicar- Apostolic. Seven years 

 later he was appointed Archbishop of Sydney, and his assumption of 

 the title called forth from Dr. Broughton a public protest on behalf 

 of himself and his successors and of the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 

 vdiich any act of episcopal authority on the j^art of any one claiming 

 to derive a right from the Bishop of Rome was formally dissented 

 from. St. Mary's Cathedral was consecrated in 1836, eight years later 

 the see of Adelaide was constituted, Hobart in 1842, Perth in 1845, 

 Melbourne in 1848, Brisbane in 1859, and Duuedin in 18G9. The 

 changes made in the administration of church funds in 1835 largely 

 assisted the work and expansion of this denomination. Churches and 

 schools were built as opportunity offered, and the work of the organ- 

 isation was carried out with energy. The insignificant beginnings 

 were lost sight of as time went on, and when the stream of immigra- 

 tion began to set in this and other bodies began to augment in num- 

 bers in such a way as to bring them more nearly in line with the 

 leading denomination. 



The Presbyterian Church was the most active of these. It owes to the 

 zealous advocacy of Dr. Lang, whose services in the cause of religious 

 freedom and equality benefited all the denominations, most of its early 

 success and organisation. The first Presbyterian churchbuilding erected 

 in the colony was opened by James Mein, at Portland Head, Hawkes- 

 bury, in 1809. Twelve immigrant Scotch families, who had brought 

 their affection for the kirk with them, subscribed the necessary funds 

 independently of State aid. John Dunmore Lang did not arrive until 

 1823, and at that time most of the work of organisation yet remained to 

 be done. But by the following year he had made such an impression 

 that Governor Brisbane was called on to lay the foundation stone of the 

 first Scots' Church in Sydney, which still stands on Church Hill as an 

 interesting memorial of its first minister and of the early days of the city. 

 For many years the record of Dr. Lang's career was the history of his 

 denomination. He was largely instrumental in bringing about the state 

 of public feeling which led to Bourke's despatch. In every part of the 

 settled districts he made his presence familiar and his energetic influence 

 felt, from Hobart Town, in Tasmania, to the little community at More- 

 ton Bay that pioneered the present capital of Queensland. He made 

 several voyages to Scotland at a time when an expedition of that kind 

 was by no means the pleasure excursion it now is, bringing out with 

 him immigrants and clergymen of his own faith. Among the former 

 were the sixty colonists known as the " Scotch mechanics," whose 

 labours left their traces for long afterwards on the growing city. He 

 founded the Scots' College and schools for primary teaching, always 

 looking into the future and preparing for the developments which 

 his acute intelligence foresaw were to come. Between 1847 and 1849 

 six of his ships In-ought out thousairds of his countrymen, whom he 



