EXHAUSTING MODE OF CROPPlNa. 123 



difficulty in paying it, and finds a market at St John. 

 Ayrshire and Durham cattle, he assured me, stood the 

 winter admirably. 



Tenant-farming, as I have said, is rare ; but the agri- 

 cultural reader will judge whether landlord or tenant is 

 likely to benefit most by the course of cropping which 

 is followed. On Mr Alton's farm, some of the oats 

 were the third crop without manure ; and eight crops in 

 succession, without manure, are common. Though a 

 Scotch farmer, and keeping so many cattle, Alton only 

 manured the little patch of turnips he raised. Clover, 

 when sown for the first time, grows three feet high the 

 first year — as it used to do in more virgin days on the 

 Carse of Gowrie in Scotland ; but the New Brunswick 

 farmers contrive to take the proud luxuriance out of the 

 land as eifectually as any Perthshire farmer, even of the 

 old war times, could do. Red clover and Timothy grass 

 are sown on the wheat. The first year, 2 tons of hay 

 are cut, nearly all clover — the second year, little clover — 

 the third year, all Timothy. After this it is cut eight 

 or ten years, or as long as it yields one-half or three- 

 fourths of a ton per acre. It is then ploughed out for 

 oats, and after potatoes and wheat is laid down again for 

 a similar exhausting treatment by means of hay. 



It is evident, therefore, that the tenant-farmer In New 

 Brunswick, if he can only content himself to remain a 

 tenant, has the best of the bargain. He takes the 

 cream off the land and leaves it ; and as tenants are in 

 request, he can easily shift to another farm, or can take 

 any good opportunity which may present itself of buying 

 for himself. 



An adjoining farm to this of Mr Alton's is let to an 

 English tenant, for a rent of £90. It consists of 120 

 acres of rich land, chiefly rich intervale, yielding 2 J to 

 3 tons of hay an acre, and, with buildings, is valued at 

 £2000. In proportion to the supposed value of the 



