CHAPTER Y 



By steamboat from St John to Portland, in Maine, and thence by rail- 

 way to Newhaven, in Connecticut. — Alleged I'udeness of American 

 manners. — Country houses along the approach to Boston. — Drought 

 in New England. — Farming in Connecticut and Massachusetts. — 

 Diffusion of agricultural periodicals. — Cider-making in Connecticut. — 

 Yale College. — Number of Students. — Expense of residence. — Inferior 

 position of professional men. — Salaries of clergymen. — Estimation of 

 lawyers and medical men. — Favouring of quacks in the majority of 

 the States. — Medical schools in the United States. — Opening for 

 European medical practitioners. — Elm-trees of Newhaven. — Tree- 

 toad.— Fairhaven ; its oyster-trade. — Two species of American oysters 

 of large size. — Consumption of oysters in Massachusetts. — Railway to 

 Albany up the Housatonic valley. — Light soils and Indian corn of 

 this valley. — Post-tertiary clays and sands of the upper valley of the 

 Hudson River and of Lake Champlain. — Natural forests which grow 

 upon them.— Power of their soils to resist drought. — Exhalation from 

 the leaves of plants.—Relation of the porosity of a soil to this exhala- 

 tion.- — Why di-ained and mellowed clay is moister in a hot summer 

 than undrained.— Schenectady. — Valley of the Mohawk.— Chai'acter 

 of its soils and produce. — Rich bottoms of the Mohawk resting on 

 the Utica slate. — Broom corn, {Sorghum saccharatum,) its extensive 

 cultivation in this valley.— German flats. — Utica a thriving manufac- 

 turing town. — German population.— Change in the meaning of familiar 

 words. — Importance of keeping the English language pure. — Choice 

 of judges by popular election. — Apparent danger of this practice. — 

 Titular judges and generals. — Popped corn. — Structure of Indian 

 corn. — Extraction of oil from this grain in the Western States. — Flour 

 of Indian corn; varieties in its colour; used in the adulteration of 

 wheaten flour. — Digestive powers of animals. — City of Rome. — Mr 

 Clay. — Verona. — Change in the character of the countiy. — Arrival at 

 Syracuse. 



Sept. 4. — At eight In tlie morning, I went on board 

 the small steamer which plied between St John and 



