CHAPTEE VIII. 



City of Buffalo ; cause of its rapid rise. — Influence of the growth of 

 the Western States on the agriculture of western New York and 

 Upper Canada. — Passage from Buffalo to Chicago in Illinois and 

 Millwaukie in Wisconsin. — Home ideas as to these new States. — 

 Cheap wheat does not imply rich land. — Character of the soils in 

 Michigan. — Avei-age produce of this State, and of its several counties. 

 — Exaggerated statements of the producing and exporting powers of 

 these new States. — Can the export from these new States continue ? 

 — Thin sowing of buckwheat. — Quantity of seed-corn per acre sown 

 for the different kinds of grain in the several States of the Union. — 

 Copper mines of Lake Superior. — Immense masses of native copper. 

 — Extent and richness of the deposits. — How they occur. — Ancient 

 Indian workings. — Amusing differences of opinion as to the mode in 

 which the copper has been deposited. — State of Wisconsin. — Popular 

 feeling in regard to the several new States. — Quantity of public land 

 sold in each in 1847.— Short Michigan fever in 1836. — Minnesota, 

 the New England of the West. — Influence of these new States on the 

 future traffic of the St Lawrence. — Wonders of the hog crop of 

 Ohio. — Comparative productiveness of the States of Ohio and New 

 York. — Indian corn the staple of Ohio. — Outlet for this crop in 

 raising pork. — Hogs killed in the several western States. — How they 

 are fed. — "Packing business" at Cincinnati. — How all the parts of the 

 animals are disposed of — Lard oil exported largely to France to 

 adulterate olive oil. — Amount of the various marketable products of 

 this business at Cincinnati. — Connection of rural economy and 

 manufactures. 



Buffalo, now a city of upwards of 40,000 inhabitants, 

 contained in 1830 only 8,653, and in 1813 was a small 

 village, which in that year was destroyed by fire. Its 

 rise has been rapid, and its future progress is likely to be 

 great ; but both are easily intelligible — unavoidable, in 



