GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 105 



tlieoiy tliat glanders is capable of spontaneous develop- 

 ment. 



Geographical Distribution. — Glanders, and its variation, 

 farcy, although very widely distributed, is apparently more 

 extensively diffused where horses are treated in a highly 

 artificial manner, and have operating on them such adverse 

 influences as overwork, defective location, and insufficient 

 dieting. 



It is said not to exist in our Australian colonies, and to be 

 sparingly encountered in many parts of our Indian empire. It 

 appears to prevail most extensively in temperate regions, and 

 is of less frequent occurrence in very cold or very warm lati- 

 tudes, although to this there are exceptions. It is well kno^vn 

 in Norway, and equally so in Java. 



Pathology, a. Nature of Glanders. — The terms ' glan- 

 ders ' and ' farcy ' are employed to designate merely phases or 

 manifestations of the same diseased condition. This condition 

 is named ' glanders ' when the specific or diagnostic symptoms 

 and lesions are connected with the mucous membrane of the 

 nose, upper air-passages, and the lungs, together with lymph 

 vessels and glands adjacent thereto ; and ' farcy,' when the 

 morbific agent seems to locate itself, and is inducing specific 

 changes in the skin and subcutaneous connective tissue, with the 

 lymphatic vessels and lymjih-glands belonging to these. These 

 two forms of the disease may be seen in the same animal at 

 one time, or at varying intervals ; and the virus of the one may 

 produce the other in its implantation from the diseased to the 

 healthy. Although in every case of well-pronounced glanders 

 there is generally one particular organ or structure where the 

 local lesions characteristic of the malady are more and better 

 developed than in others, it seems, by experimentation, that 

 on inoculation of a healthy animal with the matter from these 

 dominant lesions of the diseased, the same distinctness and 

 predominance of diagnostic lesions in organs and tissues 

 similar to those from which the virus was taken does not hold 

 good ; that, in short, the results always, where successful, are 

 diagnostic of glanders, but are not, as respects their dominant 

 situations, to be determined from knowing the source from 

 which the infecting material was taken. Thus we may inocu- 

 late a healthy horse with the discharge from a glanderous 



