108 GLANDERS AND FARCY. 



oculation ; in the majority tlioy have been easily and directly 

 traceable to this source. 



As already stated, glanders and farcy are perfectly identical 

 affections, both owing their origin — whatever that may be — to 

 the same cause or causes, and differing only in their local 

 manifestations, farcy being simply the local and cutaneous 

 eruption incident to glanders, and although sometimes dis- 

 tinctly and separately spoken of, it is only as a matter of con- 

 venience, the distinction having no foundation in the nature of 

 the disease, nor yet in any recognised system of classification. 



The causes which are believed to operate in the direct and 

 spontaneous development of glanders are all such as tend to 

 debility and impairment of constitutional stamina, defective or 

 perverted nutrition, causes not at all dissimilar to those be- 

 lieved to be in ascendency in the production of typhus, tuber- 

 culosis, or phthisis in man. 



It is regularly induced, we are told by those who advo- 

 cate this mode of development, where the laws which 

 regulate healthy animal existence, those connected with work, 

 location, food, and the apportioning of these to age and other 

 conditions of the organism, are persistently infringed. It is in 

 this way, it is asserted, and by the operation of causes such as 

 these, that glanders is so frequently seen in large studs of 

 horses, as tramway, omnibus, and colliery establishments, where 

 overwork, insufficient feeding, location in filthy, undrained, 

 badly ventilated, and ill-lighted stables extensively prevail. 

 Similar causes, it is imagined, account for it as a frequent 

 attendant on the transport of horses in ill-conditioned and 

 crowded vessels, and their congregation in camps and armies, 

 where the deteriorating influences resulting from noxious 

 emanations proceeding from decomposing animal excreta and 

 secretions have full play. 



Instances corroborative of the direct and spontaneous de- 

 velopment of glanders under these differing conditions are 

 given by most writers on the subject past and present. The 

 case of the celebrated Quiberon Expedition is pretty well 

 known to most who have taken any interest in this subject. 

 Here horses said to have been embarked apparently healthy 

 were, after enforced confinement under the closed hatchways 

 of the transports during a storm, and thus subjected to a 

 deficiency of healthful respirable air, and the action of con- 



