PATHOLOGY. Ill 



human subject, and assorts that he had in this manner pro- 

 duced glanders. 



Vines {loc. cit.) went still further, alleging that he had seen 

 glanders induced in mules and asses by the action of various 

 hritating substances ; for instance, by the injection of vitriol 

 into the trachea, and by the introduction of the blood of a 

 rabid dog. (See Ziemssen — Bollinger, ' Glanders,' p. 326.) 



When we know that in cases of pyaemia, the result of em- 

 bolism, structural changes are often encountered, particularly 

 in the lungs, much akin to what are observed in the same 

 situations in glanders, we are not unwarranted in asking for 

 further demonstration in confirmation of the genesis of glanders, 

 apart from other causes than specific contagion ; while, when 

 we regard experiments which have been productive of negative 

 or opposite results, this demand is further strengthened. 



In connection with and bearing upon this point may be 

 mentioned the experiments of Leuret (' Archives gendrales de 

 M^d.,' t. xi. p. 98, 1826), who injected putrid ichorus matter 

 directly into the veins, and also into the subcutaneous cellular 

 tissue of horses. In this manner he obtained the appearances 

 produced by putrid mfection ; but he does not mention any 

 alterations characteristic of glanders. 



Bilroth (' Allg. Chir. Pathologie und Therapie,' 5 Aufl. p. 97, 

 1871) refers to a similar experiment upon a horse, that was 

 not followed by any symptoms of glanders. 



Gamgee, quoting from Hering, reports a case of thrombosis 

 of the vessels of the lungs, with abscesses of these organs, 

 occurring in a horse after injection of pus into the jugular 

 vein. 



Gunther,Spinola, and Lees injected pus into the veins of horses 

 without producing glanders ; while Waldenburgh, in conjunc- 

 tion with Kohne, inoculated several horses with tubercular, 

 phthisical, and purulent substances without causing a single 

 case of glanders. The negative results as respects the pro- 

 duction of glands from injection into the circulation of puru- 

 lent fluid, I can corroborate from personal observation. 



The conclusions to be drawn from experimental research as 

 to the development of glanders from purulent injection are 

 certainly not sufficiently convincing, while the clinical evi- 

 dence is very often what may be regarded as too shallow and 



