SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC GLANDERS. 127 



a. Chanc/es in the Nasal Chambers. — The very earliest in- 

 dications of aiiglit being amiss with a horse affected with 

 chronic glanders may be the altered condition of the dis- 

 charge from the nose, or even previous to this, attention may 

 be drawn to the case, and an examination instituted because 

 the animal is not in such good condition, or looking so bloom- 

 ing or so well as he ought to be ; that for a few days his appe- 

 tite has been capricious, or he has had slight rigors, or he has 

 perspired excessively under moderate exertion. In exceptional 

 cases there may be no discharge. In all, however, where 

 nodules or ulcers exist in the cavity, there will be a discharge 

 great or less in amount, and of a character varying in accord- 

 ance with the development of the lesions. In the early stages, 

 the material flowing from the nasal passages is not very dis- 

 similar to what i ; observed in common catarrh, only it may be 

 discharged from one nostril, the left ; when from both it is 

 evidence that changes are progressing in both ; gradually it 

 becomes thicker, viscid, and mingled with purulent matter, 

 rather green in colour, and inclined to adhere round the mar- 

 gin of the external nasal openings, or it is expelled from the 

 nose by snorting in small pasty masses. 



The peculiar character of the nasal flexu, although it has 

 always attracted attention, and has by all writers and teachers 

 been much spoken of and regarded as a prominent cha- 

 racteristic symptom of the disease, must never of itself be 

 depended upon as furnishing from merely physical characters 

 undoubted evidence of the existence of glanders, its physio- 

 logical character being alone diagnostic. 



With such a discharge, a little careful examination will in 

 all probability disclose the existence of nodes, or of nodes and 

 chancres. When these conditions exist only in the superior 

 or posterior parts of the chambers — they are usually not 

 largely distributed in the chronic form, and most frequently 

 only on one side — their discovery is not always attended with 

 success. The head being held in a favourable position as to 

 light, the exploration will be materially aided by using a 

 reflector, or the linger may be passed up the cavity along the 

 septum nasi, when the nodules or ulcers may be detected by 

 the sense of touch. When situated on the lower portion of 

 the septum, or at the alse of the nostrils, the appearance of the 



