SPECIAL NECROSCOPIC APPEARANCE IN THE HORSE. 213 



the dorsum of the tongue may be elevated in patches from the 

 phlj^ctenee present. They are, however, often absent. The 

 muscular tissue of the organ is swollen and dark-coloured, and 

 its cohesion and integrity much interfered with. It is soft, 

 and may be easily lacerated. Along the under surface of the 

 tongue, by the sides of the fnenum, there is often a consider- 

 able elevation or cord-like projection, resulting from the infil- 

 tration of glandular structures and connective-tissue. Over 

 the lining membrane of the pharynx there are petechias, or 

 larger blood-markings, with a general cyanotic condition of the 

 entire membrane, which looks swollen and pulpy from the 

 infiltrated submucous tissue. The lining membrane of the 

 larynx exhibits conditions very similar, oedema of the glottis 

 being often present. 



Around the course of the trachea, and in the jugular groove 

 — extending in various cases to considerable distances into the 

 cervical region, in some instances even to the mediastinum — 

 there is a varying quantity of the effusion peculiar to the 

 disease. All the structures of the cervical region — vessels, 

 nerves, muscles, etc. — are occasionally involved. 



We have elsewhere spoken of the forms of anthrax prevail- 

 ing among horses in India and South Africa — Loodianah disease 

 and Cape horse-sickness. The appearances on autopsy pre- 

 sent precisely the same typical characters as those described. 

 From information at our disposal, Ave are inclined to think the 

 lesions are more generally distributed than in this country. 

 The presence of the bacillus is also, we believe, even more fre- 

 quently detected. The rapid decomposition of the cadavers 

 has been remarked by all who have given us the benefit of 

 their observations. 



In inoculated cases, bacilli or their spores are usually found 

 at or around the seat of inoculation, though they may be 

 absent from the general blood-stream. 



Treatment. — Anthrax, in every form and in all animals, is a 

 disease which, as regards the employment of curative measures, 

 yields very unsatisfactory results. In its acute form in the 

 horse as anthrax proper, its development is so rapid that it 

 usually results in death before the majority of remedial 

 measures employed have time to produce any effect on the 

 system. Even when there are early signs of illness which 



