WHISTLING AND ROARING. 453 



In testing a horse's respiration it is always, especially in the 

 lighter breeds, a safe plan to bustle the animal somewhat, 

 keeping him Avell by the head, while he is occasionally startled 

 by a smart touch of the heels, to turn him rapidly round, and 

 suddenly to pull him up. When pulled up, the examiner 

 ought always to approach near to the horse's nostrils, the 

 more easily to distinguish if any unnatural sound is given 

 forth during either expiration or inspiration ; and, if need be, 

 he should be ready to place his ear or stethosco]3e over first 

 one part of the air-tube, and then another. 



If we have the power of choice as respects ground over 

 which to gallop a horse with the view of determining the state 

 of his respiration, preference ought to be given to rather soft 

 than hard ground, and to an undulating rather than a perfectly 

 level surface : also that he should finish his gallop going up- 

 hill. 



Horses slight, or even pronounced roarers, may, if the work 

 is not over-fast or too severe, continue for some time service- 

 able animals. However, as a matter of professional opinion, 

 all grades, degrees, or conditions of this abnormal respiration 

 must be regarded as constituting unsoundness ; nor does it 

 appear that we are justified in having au}^ reservation in our 

 opinion, unless it be in those cases where animals are known 

 to have recently been sufferers from some inflammatory con- 

 dition of the respiratory organs, in which it will be needful 

 that our inspection should be repeated. 



Treatment of Roaring. — When we remember that the con- 

 dition recognised as roaring is apt to result from lesions so, 

 different as nasal polypi, hypertrophy of turbinated bones, 

 constriction of the laryngeal opening ; from infiltration and in- 

 duration of mucous tissue, or chronic disease of muscles ; from 

 injury or disease occurring in connection with the trachea, 

 etc., we can easily understand that the same treatment 

 carried out with the view of cure in one case will not be 

 advantageous in another ; and that ere we can reasonably 

 hope to give even an intelligent opinion as to the probabilities 

 of good resulting from the employment of remedial measures, 

 we must be able to determine the seat and nature of the lesion 

 directly operating in the production of the unnatural noise. 



AVhen the impediment is associated with depression or 



