ANATOMICAL CHARACTERS. — SYMPTOMS. 523 



more extensive than it appears ; its amount is only discover- 

 able by examining the tissue by means of sections made at 

 different situations with a low magnifying power, embracing" a 

 rather extensive field, when the vesicles will be observed dis- 

 tended, as also the interconnective-tissue, and by their form 

 pressing upon and altering the shape of those adjoining. 



In the greater number of cases the heart is increased both 

 in bulk and weight, the former being more marked than the 

 latter, from the distension of the right side in particular. 



The stomach in chronic cases is greatly dilated, and the 

 walls attenuated, with less secretion than natural, and having 

 various particles of rather dry food adhering to the membrane. 

 Occasionally the intestines seem to partake, although in a less 

 degree, of the same enlarged and dilated character as the 

 stomach, seeming flabby and weak, as if wanting tone, while 

 the contained material appears not to be undergoing a healthy 

 transference into material fitted for assimilation ; it is broken 

 down and softened, but is either retained too short a time in the 

 bowel, or the chemical changes are not of the normal character 

 connected with healthy digestion. 



Symptoms. — When fully developed, the symptoms by which 

 this diseased condition is recognised are so well marked and 

 so characteristic that they are rarely mistaken for those of any 

 other disorder, save that which Ave have designated asthma, 

 and which many regard as the same affection. In many cases, 

 however, where the disease is not thoroughly pronounced, and 

 where we may not be expecting to meet with it, even professional 

 men may overlook symptoms which, when more carefully re- 

 garded, are sufficiently indicative of the disease. Those which 

 may safely be regarded as diagnostic are — (1) The character of 

 the respiTation ; (2) Tlie cough. 



1. The most marked and characteristic symptom of broken- 

 wind is the deficiency of expiratory power, shown by the 

 laboured and difficult manner in which the air is expelled 

 from the lungs succeeding inspiration. This difficulty is most 

 observable when the animal is at rest, undisturbed and unex- 

 cited. Inspiration is performed easily and rather quickly. In 

 animals slightly affected this rapidity may not be noticed 

 unless contrasted with the succeeding part of the act of respi- 

 ration ; in advanced cases the rapidity of the inspiratory move- 



