626 GASTRITIS. 



monic disease in the horse known as broken-wind, in which the 

 stomach suffers from changes resulting in attenuation of its 

 walls ; it may also exist with the habit of crab-biting, in which 

 somewhat similar changes are observed. (3) Distinct textural 

 alterations of the stomach of a malignant character, as cancer 

 and lardaceous disease. (4) Disease of the liver, in which, from 

 interference with the portal circulation, blood is driven back 

 upon the stomach and other organs. (5) Mechanical injury 

 to textures from the continued presence of the larvae of the 

 oestrus. 



Anatomical Characters. — These are of necessity as varied as 

 the causes which operate in its induction. In some, particularly 

 such as are the effect of malignant disease — as cancer — or where 

 the injury received has resulted in circumscribed erosions from 

 inflammatory action proceeding from parasitic invasion, the 

 tissue-changes are obvious enough ; in others, where nerve in- 

 fluence or vascular supply are chiefly at fault, interfering with 

 the process of nutrition, the steps of the process are less obvious, 

 and only recognised, it may be, in their results. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms of this chronic disturbance are 

 somewhat varied, frequently extending over a lengthened period 

 of time, subject to aggravation from certain extrinsic influences, 

 and of much importance as respects the general health of the 

 animal. 



In a large number of instances these are what have already 

 been mentioned when treating of chronic dyspepsia, which, 

 although spoken of separately as a functional disorder of the 

 stomach, must in many manifestations be regarded as simply 

 a symptom of, or the outcome of, this state of chronic gastritis. 

 In addition to such symptoms as may be looked upon as strictly 

 connected with disturbed gastric function, there are others 

 more obvious which, although overlooked or viewed in a 

 different light, ought to be linked to these as a result, viz., in- 

 testinal disturbance. It seems highly probable that many of 

 those troublesome and recurring cases of colic or bowel dis- 

 orders are to be directly traced to digestion imperfectly 

 carried out in the stomach, because of some manifestation of 

 chronic gastric inflammation. In these, food materials only 

 partially broken down arc passed along the intestinal canal, the 

 structures of which not being capable of dealing with ingesta 



