SYMPTOMS. 691 



tion, owe their existence to very varied influences, chief of 

 which are, previous pulmonary or cardiac disease ; considerable 

 and sudden chills ; the advent of certain specific fevers, in 

 which certain noxious materials exist in the blood ; errors in 

 dieting or faulty digestion, particularly where an excessive 

 amount of certain rather stimulating foods is taken with less 

 than the natural amount of exercise. 



Over-exertion, particularly after a full meal, in plethoric 

 animals, and in warm weather, I have noticed, is occasionally 

 attended with this condition. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms indicative of either passive or 

 active hypersemia of the liver can scarcely be said to be pro- 

 nounced or strictly diagnostic ; with careful observation, how- 

 ever, we may often, if not absolutely certain of such, have 

 well-grounded suspicions of its existence. Languor or dulness, 

 probably the most constant, is frequently associated with a 

 visible alteration and change in the membranes of mouth and 

 eyes : a pasty condition and disagreeable smell connected with 

 the former, and a blanched, dull, or icteric appearance of the 

 latter. 



There is rarely fever, temperature normal, unless asso- 

 ciated with some zymotic disease, as influenza : these same 

 relations largely affect and modify both the pulse and respira- 

 tions. The appetite is usually impaired, with a rather confined 

 state of the bowels. 



In many there may be observed a little uneasiness, occasional 

 turning of the head to the right side, which on being manipu- 

 lated over the region of the liver produces pain. The ex- 

 tremities are usually cold. To these must be added the 

 existence of disease of other viscera, as heart and lungs, when 

 such are the direct inducing factors ; and the frequently 

 existing cause, excess of food to an animal retained unnatur- 

 ally in an overheated stable, without exercise sufficient to 

 carry off the effete materials and keep the animal machinery in 

 healthy working order. 



Hepatic Extravasations and Ruptures. — As the result, imme- 

 diate or more remote, of repeated attacks of congestive and 

 inflammatory action affecting the liver-structure, or as the 

 result of injury, we may not unfrequently, as post-mortem 

 lesions, encounter blood-extravasations and ruptures, either con- 



44—2 



