720 CERTAIN ABNORMAL CONDITIONS OF THE URINE. 



in tlie urine ma^^ be regarded as symptomatic of jaundice, and 

 intimately associated with hepatic disturbance or change. 



c. Urine containing ^iugaT, the Condition knoiun as Mcl- 

 lituria Glycosuria, or Diabetes Mellitiis. — Although in the 

 horse, as in other animals, a large proportion of glycogenic 

 material exists and is formed in the liver, and in the course of 

 the normal activities finds its way in some form into the blood, 

 the existence of sugar in the urine, whether the result of 

 increase in the sugar-formative power in the system, or pro- 

 ceeding from diminution in the activity of reduction, is, in the 

 horse, an occurrence of extreme rarity. The only instance in 

 which I am conscious of having encountered such an abnormal 

 condition of the urinary discharge over a long period of ob- 

 servation, was in association with cerebral disturbance. The 

 certainty of its existence may only be determined by appropriate 

 chemical tests. 



Besides these abnormal constituents of urine, we have also 

 several other organic materials, which, in addition to being 

 more easily and certainly detected, are not less useful as 

 indices of textural changes occurring chiefly in some part of 

 the extensive efferent urinary channel, viz. : 



3. The Existence of Morbid Urinary Deposits. — The chief of 

 those conditions, usually spoken of under this term from the 

 fact that although suspended in the liquid, the morbid materials 

 are disposed on its settling, Avhen collected in any convenient 

 vessel, to fall to the bottom, are hlood, pus, and mucus. 



a. Blood in the Urine. — Ha3maturia may appear in very 

 varied forms, and be indicative of very varied conditions. It 

 may appear as bright fluid blood, intimately mixed with the 

 urine, or observed immediately succeeding its discharge ; or it 

 may evidence its existence by the presence of a brown or 

 dark-coloured deposit, consisting of blood-corpuscles, existing 

 in entirety or undergoing change. These characters of the 

 urine and its modes of discharge, although not in every case 

 indicating with certainty the seat or nature of the haemor- 

 rhage, are yet of importance in assisting us in forming an 

 opinion and giving a prognosis of the case. When from the 

 kidney, it is usually uniformly mixed with the urine and 

 discharged with it. There may also, in such instances, be 

 mingled with the blood fibrinous casts of the small uriniferous 



