26 Veterinary Medicine. 



The facial muscles may be flaccid and devoid of expression in 

 palsy, and prostrating diseases ; they may be firm, giving the 

 bright, intelligent look of health ; or they may be painfully 

 drawn in the agonized expression of spasmodic colic or enteritis. 



Nasal Mucosa. The pituita is bright red in sthenic fevers, 

 simple acute coryza, strangles, laryngitis and inflammation of the 

 larger bronchia. It assumes a violet hue in capillary bronchitis, 

 pulmonary congestion, glanders, and petechial fever. Petechise 

 appear in the last named affection, and in a number of bacteridian 

 diseases, such as anthrax, swine plague, hog-cholera, the red 

 fever of swine etc. ; a yellow tinge in shown in jaundice. Millet 

 like or pealike nodules, or elevated patches, and ulcers show in 

 glanders and may be felt by the fingers. In cattle hard millet- 

 like nodules appear in a chronic coryza with hypertrophy of the 

 mucosa. The orifice of the lacliry mo-nasal duct, seen in the 

 horse on the floor of the chamber at the friction of the mucosa 

 with the skin of the false no.stril and in ass and mule on the 

 outer ala near the upper commissure, is sometimes plugged with 

 inspissated mucus. Among other lesions of the nasal chamber 

 may be named polypi — soft and calcareous, — thickening and ob- 

 struction in purpura hsemorrhagica, osteoporosis and hypertrophy 

 of bone, and parasites — pentastoma denticulata (in the horse and 

 dog), and the larva of the oestrus (in .sheep and buffalo). Dis- 

 ease of the upper molars and abscess of the fronto-maxillary sinus 

 may be manifested by swelling beneath and on the inner side of 

 the eye, foetid discharge from the nose, and obstruction of the air 

 current. Dullness on percussion will show the filling of the 

 .sinuses. These conditions must be carefully differentiated from 

 actinomycosis, sarcoma and other morbid growths in the same 

 situation. 



Costiveness with foetor and lack of the normal color in the 

 stools may suggest liver torpor or inflammation, while fatt}' stools 

 may suggest pancreatic disea.se. The uneasy movements of colic, 

 should lead to a careful investigation of the chylo-poietic organs 

 (see digestive organs). Weakness of the hind parts, tenderness 

 of the loins, and altered condition of the urinary discharge .should 

 demand a close enquiry into the .state of the kidneys and bladder. 

 Satyriasis or nymphomania would suggest disease of the ge7ier- 

 ative organs or the nerve centres that preside over them. The 

 same is true of impotence, sterility and abortion. 



