NEOPLASMS IN THE HORSE'S NOSE. 



Nasal fibrous polj'pus, connection, form, size, bony distortion, obstructed 

 breathing, abrasion, ulceration, sloughing, sub-mucous polypus, structure, 

 degeneration. Symptoms, sneezing, snuffling, discharge, palpation, bony 

 swelling, tenderness. Treatment, forceps, hook, ecraseur, knife, saw. 

 Actinomycosis. Sarcoma, Carcinoma. Consistency, structure, fcetor, 

 glandular swelling. Treatment. Recurrence. Fatty tumors. Bony tu- 

 mors : cancellated or compact tissue, localized or extended. Cysts. 

 Strougyli. Angioma. Varicosity. Color, obstruction to breathing, haem- 

 orrhage, cicatrization. 



These are cssentiall}- surgical diseases yet as they induce 

 Chronic Catarrh they may be profitably noticed here. 



I. Fibrous Nasal Polypus. These are connected to the mu- 

 cosa by a pedicle or broad base, and vary in size from a pea to a 

 mass which fills the entire nasal chamber, projects from the nos- 

 trils and presses outward the septum and facial bones. At times 

 they weigh one or more pounds. They may cause whistling or 

 rattling in breathing, or may completely obstruct the passage of 

 air on the affected side. In time they may cause bulging or even 

 attenuation and perforation of the bony walls, projecting through 

 the hard palate or on the face. Sometimes the surface becomes 

 the seat of granulation, ulceration, or sloughing, causing more or 

 less foetor. The large polypi make their main growth forward 

 and backward, moulding themselves to the form of the chamber, 

 and displacing the turbinated bones. They commence to grow 

 under the mucous membrane and as they grow and become more 

 loosely attached they carry this as an outer covering and pedicle. 

 When incised they show a structure of interlacing bundles of fi- 

 bres, with cell elements more or less abundant, according to the 

 rapidity of growth. Gravitz found amyloid degeneration of the 

 walls of the blood vessels and mucous follicles and of the fibres. 



Symptoms are difficult breathing, snuffling, a smaller cur- 

 rent of air on the affected .side, or none, sneezing, a watery, puru- 

 lent, bloody, or foetid discharge, and the appearance of the poly- 

 pus when the nasal chamber is examined in a good light. If be- 

 yond reach of vision the polypus may often be felt by the finger. 

 Care must be taken not to mistake the red, angry surface of the 

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