Dyspnoea Laryngea. Roaring. Hemiplegia Laryjigea. 143 



to ten minutes ; lie should be then made to pass close to the ex- 

 aminer at full speed, and finally brought up suddenly by his side 

 and without any previous slacking of his pace. The ear should 

 be at once placed close to the nostrils, when the slightest abnor- 

 mal sound accompanying the inspiratory act will be at once 

 recognized. 



Draught horses are sufficiently tested by driving them in a 

 heavy vehicle or one with the wheels dragged. By walking 

 alongside or keeping the ear near to the nostrils any harsh sound 

 additional to the normal blowing noise of hurried breathing is 

 easily noted. 



The finger placed on the larynx detects the strong vibratory 

 tremor, and Friedberger notes that the left arytenoid is much 

 more easily displaced than the right, increasing the stridor. 



If the horse is, at the time of examination, the subject of a 

 cold, sore throat, or other acute disease of the air passages no 

 importance is to be attached to any noise made in breathing, but 

 he cannot hz pronounced a soimd \\oxsq. until, this malady having 

 passed off, it is found on careful examination that no such sequel 

 has been left. 



Among the most puzzling cases are those in which the roaring 

 occurs with periods of intermission. If the horse has been fed 

 for a short time on vetches this may account for its temporary 

 access, and unless the same feeding is again allowed a recurrence 

 is not to be looked for. If due to the occasional displacement of 

 a pedunculated tumor of the nose or pharynx and its interfer- 

 ence with the action of the larynx its existence may be recognized 

 by careful examination, diminished current of air through one 

 nostril, etc. But there remain some rare cases in which there are 

 no such appreciable causes, and yet the horse would be pro- 

 nounced sound or unsound as examined at certain intervals. On 

 this subject more information is desirable. 



The following varieties of roaring will be distinguished from 

 that of paralysis by the occurrence of the sound in both acts of 

 breathing (expiration and inspiration) : — distortions, tumors or 

 foreign bodies in the nose : — tumors about the throat, in the wind- 

 pipe or bronchi : — distortion of the windpipe, from tight reining, 

 fracture or congenital deformity : — and the presence of a false 

 membrane stretching across the windpipe. 



