152 Veterinary Medicine. 



OTHER MORBID SOUNDS. 



Besides cough may be noticed the wheezing breathing charac- 

 teristic of broken ivind, chronic bronchitis and asthma, roaring, 

 whistlijig, etc., as already described, and the sound between a 

 moan and grunt, produced in pneumonia especially in the ox. 



EXPECTORATION. 



This escapes almost exclusively by the nose in horses, because 

 of the length of the soft palate. It may come from the mouth of 

 other animals, especially when they cough. In the ox the dis- 

 charge from the nose is rarely seen because of his licking it out 

 with his tongue. Rattles (rales) in the larynx, trachea or 

 bronchia, enable us to ascertain the .source of such discharges. 



The nasal discharge in acute catarrh, laryngitis or bronchitis, 

 is thin, clear, and sligiitly viscid, becoming thick, whitish and 

 fiocculent as the disease advances. It is yellowish, thick, floccu- 

 lent and intermixed with .shreds of false membranes in diphtheria 

 or in the croup of young foals and calves. It is clear, slightl}' 

 viscid and watery at the onset of bronchitis. At the debut of 

 pneumonia it is often reddish (rusty). It is bright, red, frothy 

 and bloody in haemoptysis. It is scanty, clear, watery, and con- 

 taining minute white fiocculi in pulmonary en.physema (broken 

 wind). It is white, thick, curdy, and devoid of vLscidit)' in 

 chronic bronchitis or when a pulmonary abscess is being emptied. 

 It is grayish, thick and fiocculent in advanced pneumonia in the 

 horse. 



Cows in the advanced stages of pulmonary tuberculosis ex- 

 pectorate a yellowish, sticky matter containing minute hard 

 masses often cretaceous. Calves and lambs suffering from 

 strongyli in the lungs expel these in little pellets in the midst of 

 a thick white material. 



The expectoration is fetid, dark red and grumous in gangrene 

 of the lungs. 



In pulmonary tuberculosis and glanders the expectoration usu- 

 ally contains the respective bacilli. 



