Relative Position of the Lungs, Heart and Other Organs. 157 



spaces is more completely covered by lung tissue and does not 

 strike the left side so forcibly as in the horse. 



In the sheep the lung extends to the last intercostal space, 

 nearly as far as its lower end and the heart is covered on the left 

 side as well as on the right by lung tissue. The shoulder is very 

 moveable and unless in very fat animals allows of an examination 

 of the greater part of the anterior third of the chest. 



In the pig fat and indocility combine to defeat our purpose in 

 examination of the chest. If these can be obviated it is well to 

 know that the diaphragm is attached to the upper two-thirds of the 

 last rib, and to the next three in front above their lower third. 



In the dog the diaphragm is attached to the upper two-thirds of 

 the last rib, to the lower third of the next and to the lower ends 

 of the two following and to the breast bone. The shoulders are so 

 mobile and the breast bone so thin that nearly all the chest may 

 be satisfactorily examined. The heart, covered on both sides 

 by lung, lies nearly horizontall}' on the breast bone, through which 

 ' its position and bulk may be clearly made out by percussion. 



EXAMINATION BY TOUCH. 



Pressure by the fingers in the spaces between the ribs corres- 

 ponding to the pleura will cause flinching and perhaps grunting 

 in pleurisy. The same result will be seen in pleurodynia. In 

 hepatized lung and pleurisy with adhesions there is a diminished 

 sense of the movement felt in the intercostal spaces of the part in 

 health. 



