200 Veterinary Medicine. 



short of having fallen, or if he is able to get upon his feet, he 

 stands with his limbs apart to secure his stabilit3^ and with 

 the elbows turned out to facilitate the expansion of the chest. 

 As the breathing becomes panting the respirations are less deep, 

 the ribs are maintained permanently drawn outward, and the 

 flanks rise and fall to a limited extent only but with great rapidity 

 (eighty to one hundred per minute). Auscultation may detect 

 at first an increase in the pitch of the respiratory murmur, and 

 the presence of the finest possible crepitation soicnd. Soon the 

 murmur decreases uniformly. The extremities are cold, and in 

 this coldness the general surface to some extent participates even 

 though it may be covered by perspiration. Tremors or rigors 

 are present. The heart is felt behind the left elbow to beat 

 tumultuously. If blood is drawn it flows in a thin, black, tary 

 stream. 



In some cases blood more or less frothy is discharged from the 

 nostrils as the result of rupture of pulmonary vessels. 



In the fulminant cases in cattle respiration is rapid, even pant- 

 ing, wheezing, the expiration attended by a hoarse grunt, some- 

 times nasal hemorrhage, great prostration, profuse perspiration, a 

 .stupor sets in and the animal falls and dies, with more or less 

 struggling. 



In the cases which develop more slowly, and as the result of 

 cold and chill whether in horses or cattle, there is dullness, anor- 

 exia, prostration, increasing rapidity and oppre.s.sion of the breath- 

 ing, a small, frequent, hoarse cough, and at first distinct pallor of 

 the conjunctiva and pituitary mucosa, with more or less trembling. 

 The head is extended on the neck, toward an open door or win- 

 dow, if available, until prostration and .stupor forbid. The pulse 

 is small, thready, often almost imperceptible and much accelerated, 

 while the heart beats are .strong, violent, tumultuous. For a time 

 the respiration may be not more than double the normal rythm, 

 but it tends to more or less rapid increase with wheezing or ster- 

 torous sounds and shaken by trembling of the respiratory muscles. 

 The nasal discharge is slight and grayish often with streaks of 

 blood. If it increases the cough becomes looser and .softer. 

 Quite early the respiratory murmur decreases over the whole lung 

 and a blowing sound from the bronchia or larnyx is heard on 

 the upper middle third of the chest. This may be complicated by 



