Croupous Pncicmonia in the Ox. 233 



plicated by consumption it appears to be usually only that consolida- 

 tion of lung, due to the organization of exuded products into fibrous 

 tissue, which occasionally forms a sequel of acute inflammation of 

 the lungs. In such cases an access of circumscribed local conges- 

 tion is liable to result from overexertion, or a chronic state of ir- 

 ritation is maintained attended with more or less fever, inappetence, 

 mal-assimilation, and often in the long run hectic, under which the 

 animal is worn out. In such cases the chief indications are to 

 avoid overwork or any undue strain upon the breathing organs, to 

 support the patient by nourishing and easily digested food, and to 

 control and remove any local irritation by measures indicated under 

 the head of acute pneumonia. 



CROUPOUS PNEUMONIA IN THE OX. 



Subacute in many cases. Effect of temperament, and work. Acute form. 

 Symptoms. Decubitus. Unfavorable symptoms. Prognosis. Suppura- 

 tion frequent : indications. Gangrene. Coliquative Diarrhoea. Lesions, 

 Comparison with those of lung plague. Tubercle. Treatment, bleeding, 

 laxatives, refrigerant salts, derivatives, stimulants, tonics. Chronic form. 

 Symptoms. Treatment. 



In the large ruminants this disease tends more towards a sub- 

 acute type than in the horse, and coming on insidiously from or- 

 dinary causes is liable to be confounded with the contagioics pleii- 

 ro-p7ieumoiiia of the bovine race. As in the horse the nervous 

 animals show more violent symptoms. It is rare in milch cows 

 and young cattle and more frequent in w^ork oxen. 



In the acute form the symptoms mainly agree with those of the 

 horse. There is the same shivering, followed by a hot stage, hy- 

 perthermia, the accelerated pulse, the short quick labored breath- 

 ing, heaving flanks, cough frequent, deep, hacking, and easily ex- 

 cited, dilating nostrils, redness of the mucous membrane, and 

 the same indications on auscultation and percussion, care be- 

 ing taken to obviate misconception of natural conditions in the 

 chest of the ox. There is in addition a dry muzzle, tenderness of 

 the back and breast bones and wincing when they are pinched be- 

 tween the fingers and thumb ; suspension of the appetite and rum- 

 ination and in cows suppression of the secretion of milk ; the mouth 

 is often opened and the tongue protruded to facilitate breathing, 



