364 Veterinary Medicine. 



of tibio-tarsal synovitis, and is the result of combined pressure 

 and congestion. Mammary varices are manifestly connected 

 with the coagestion and exudations which affect the udder and 

 environment at the time of parturition, or with a casual 

 niammitis. 



The symptoms in superficial vessels are visible enlargement, 

 and often elongation and tortuous direction of the vein or veins, 

 with or without tenderness. Deep-seated varicosities may be 

 attended by stiffness of the part and a halting in progression 

 with or without pain on pressure. These cases may recover 

 spontaneously as the result of adhesive phlebitis, or they may 

 develop phlebolites, suppuration, inflammation, ulceration and 

 haemorrhage. 



Treatment. Superficial varices have been treated by compres- 

 sion, cauterization, coagulating injections, and ligature. It 

 is not often that interference is demanded but in such cases, 

 pressure with elastic bandage having failed, ligature with antisep- 

 tic precautions is indicated. 



PHIvEBOIvITES. CALCAREOUS BODIES IN THE VEINS. 



Nature. Location. Mode of formation. Calcareous plates in two inner 

 coats. Phlebotomy. Altered sanguification. Treatment. Extraction. 



Calcareous bodies have been repeatedly found in the veins of 

 man and several observations of the same kind have been made 

 in the horse. Spooner found them in the abdominal veins and 

 Simmonds in the jugular. Much difference of opinion has ex- 

 isted as to the mode of formation of these bodies whether by cal- 

 careous deposit in a coagulum or by degeneration of a neoplasm 

 in the vascular wall. Andral held the latter opinion, and Tiede- 

 mann and Cruveilhier found the bodies connected to the inner 

 coat of the vein by a fine membrane. Morton's cut of one of 

 Simmonds' specimens (Calculous Concretions) shows a structure 

 in successive layers having their centre at one end, evidently cor- 

 responding to a former connection by pedicle. Cornil and Ran- 

 vier says ' ' .sometimes there are seen in chronic varices, calcare- 



