136 



SKELETON OF THE PIG 



The phalanges and sesamoids reseml^Ie those of the thoracic limb so closely 

 as to render separate description unnecessary. 



SKELETON OF THE PIG 

 VERTEBRAL COLUMN 

 The vertebral formula is C,T,,_,,LR-7S,CVon-o-,- 



7 1 1 1 o b 7 4 *' J U _' J 



The cervical vertebrae are short and wide. The bodies are elliptical in cross- 

 section, the long diameter being transverse. The anterior articular surfaces are 

 slightly convex from side to side and concave dorso-ventrally; the posterior ones 

 are slightly concave. A ventral crest is not present. The arches are wide from 

 side to side, but the laminse are narrow, so that a considerable interval (Spatium 

 interarcuale) separates adj acent arches dorsally. The pedicles are perforated by a 

 foramen on either side in addition to the usual intervertebral foramina. The 



Fig. 105. — Skeleton of Pig, Later.^l View. 

 a, Cranium; b, upper jaw; c, lower jaw; 1H.-7H ., cervical vertebra^; IR.w., first thoracic vertebra; 13^ 

 R.W., thirteenth thoracic vertebra (next to last); IL., first lumbar vertebra; 6L., sixth lumbar vertebra (next 

 to last usually); K., sacrum; S., coccygeal vertebra; IR., first rib; 14R-, last rib; R.kn., costal cartilages; St., 

 sternum; d, supraspinous fossa of scapula; d' , infraspinous fossa; 1, spine of scapula; 2, neck of scapula; e, 

 humerus; 3, head of humerus; 4, tuberosities of humerus; 5, deltoid tuberosity; 6, external epicondyle of 

 humerus; /, radius; g, ulna; 7, olecranon; h, carpus; lS-25, carpal bones; i~i"" , metacarpus; k-k"" , proximal 

 phalanges; l-l"", middle phalanges; jn—m"", distal phalanges; n, o, sesamoids; p, ilium; 8, external angle of 

 ilium (tuber coxte); 9, internal angle of ilium (tuber sacrale); 10, superior ischiatic spine; q, ischium; 11, tuber 

 ischii; r, pubis; 12, acetabulum; s, femur; IS, trochanter major; 14, trochanter minor; 15, external epicondyle; 

 t, patella; u, tibia; 16, crest of tibia; 17, external condyle of tibia; v, fibula; w, tarsus; 26-31, tarsal bones; 

 26', tuber calcis. (After Ellenberger, in Leisering's Atlas.) 



transverse processes divide into two branches, both of which increase in size from 

 the third to the sixth. The upper branch projects outward and backward; it 

 is short and is thickened at its free end. The lower branch is a quadrilateral plate 

 directed ventrally; each overlaps the succeeding one to a small extent, and the 

 series forms the lateral boundary of a deep and wide groove beneath the bodies. 

 The spines increase in height from the third to the last; the anterior ones are in- 

 clined backward, the posterior ones forward. The last cervical is recognized by 

 the great length of its spine (ca. 10 cm. in the adult), the absence of the ventral 

 plate of the transverse process, and the flatness of the body, which bears a pair of 



