THE FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS 



The female genital organs (Organa genitalia feminina) are: (1) The two 

 ovaries, the essential reproductive glands, in which the ova are produced; (2) 

 the uterine or Fallopian tubes, which convey the ova to the uterus; (3) the uterus, 

 in which the ovum develops; (4) the vagina, a dilatable passage through which the 

 foetus is expelled from the uterus; (5) the vulva, the terminal segment of the genital 

 tract, which serves also for the expulsion of the urine; (6) the mammary glands, 

 which are glands of the skin, but are so closely associated functionally with the 

 generative organs proper as to be described with them. 



GENITAL ORGANS OF THE MARE 

 THE OVARIES 

 The ovaries (Ovaria) of the mare are bean-shaped, and are much smaller 

 than the testicles. Their size varies much in different subjects, and they are 



23: 27. 



Fig. 407. — Lateral View of Genital Organs and Adjacent Structures of Mare. 

 The removal of the other abdominal viscera has alloweri the ovaries and uterus to sink down, whereas they 

 are normally in contact with the roof of the cavity in the non-pregnant subject. 1, Left ovary; 2, Fallopian tube; 

 S, left cornu uteri; 4, right cornu uteri; 5, corpus uteri; 5', portio vaginalis uteri, and 5", os uteri, seen through 

 window cut in vagina; 6, broad ligament of uterus; 6", round ligament; 7, vagina; 5, labia vulva>; 5, rima vulvae ; 

 9', superior commissure, and 9', inferior commissure of vulva; 10, constrictor vulvip; 11, position of vestibular 

 bulb; /.g, ventral wall of abdomen; /5, left kidney; ^4, left ureter; ;.5, urinary bladder; iff, urethra; /7, rectum; 

 IS, anus; 19, 19', unpaired and paired parts of sphincter ani externus; 20, retractor ani cut at disappearance 

 under sphincter; 21 , suspensory ligament of anus; 22, longitudinal muscular layer of rectum; 22' , recto-coccygeus; 

 23, constrictor vagina; a, utero-ovarian artery, with ovarian (a') and uterine (a") branches; h, uterine artery ; 

 c, umbilical artery; d, ischium; e, pubis; /, ilium. (After Ellenberger, in Leisering's Atlas.) 



normally larger in young than in old animals; one ovary is often larger than 

 the other. They are about three inches (ca. 7 to 8 cm.) long and an inch to an inch 



508 



