THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERY 



611 



1. The occipital artery is relatively small. It gives off: 



(1) The pharyngeal artery, which, however, may arise from the external 

 carotid. 



(2) Several branches to the nmscles (chiefly the flexors) and to the atlanto- 

 occipital joint. 



(3) The condyloid artery ]>asses into the cranium through the anterior foramen 

 in the condyloid fossa, and joins the vertebral in the formation of the rete mirabilc 

 about the pituitary gland. Before entering the cranium it gives off a branch to 

 the pharyngeal lymph glands, and the middle meningeal artery; the latter passes 

 through the foramen lacerum. Another branch enters the temporal canal and gives 

 twigs to the temporalis muscle and the mucous membrane of the frontal sinus. A 

 muscular branch emerges from the intervertebral foramen of the atlas. A diploic 

 branch goes into the occipital condyle and squama, and emits twigs to the occipital 

 muscles. 



2. The external maxillary artery is smaller than that of the horse, but pursues 



Fig. 469. — Floor of Cranium and Anterior Part of Vertebral Canal of Ox. 

 1, Vertebral artery; 2, muscular branches of 1; 3, branches of J to the rete mirabile, 4! 5, branches of in- 

 ternal maxillary artery to rete; 6, branch of internal maxillary artery entering cranium through foramen ovale; 

 7, condyloid artery; S, emergent artery from rete, distributed like internal carotid artery of horse; 9, 9', longitu- 

 dinal vertebral sinuses; o, cribriform plate; h, optic foramina; c, for. lacerum orbitale + rotundum; d, foramen 

 ovale; e, occipital condyle; /, g, h, first, second, and third cervical vertebroe. (After Leisering's Atlas.) 



a similar course. The lingual artery is large, and often arises separately from the 

 common carotid; it gives off a branch to the submaxillary gland, and th(^ sublingual 

 artery. After turning around the jaw the facial gives off the two labial arteries. 

 The superior labial is large; it usually gives off a bi-anch which runs forward 

 almost parallel with th(> lateral nasal. The angular artery is absent or rudinunitary, 

 and the lateral and dorsal nasal arteries spring from liranches of the internal 

 maxillary. 



3. The external carotid artery ]-)asses u])ward between the stylo-hyoideus 

 and the great cornu of the hyoid bone, turns forward across the external face of the 

 latter, and divides into superficial temporal and internal maxillary arteries. It 

 gives off the following collateral branches: 



(1) Branches to the parotid and submaxillary glands. 



(2) The pharyngeal artery, which, however, often arises from the occipital. 



(3) The posterior auricular, which resembles that of the horse and sends a 

 stylo-mastoid l^ranch into the tympanum. It may arise from the superficial 

 temporal. 



