LITERARY NOTICES. 



275 



of women, and such principles are inculcated 

 as may induce women to take care of their 

 health, and make themselves fit for the prop- 

 er and effective accomplishment of the pur- 

 pose around which the objects of their life 

 center. 



An Essay on the Philosophy op Self-Con- 

 sciousNESS. By P. F. Fitzgerald. Cin- 

 cinnati : Robert Clarke & Co. Pp. 154. 

 Price, $1.25. 



In this essay the author has aimed to 

 give an analysis of reason and the rationale 

 of love. He believes he has made three dis- 

 coveries regarding the intellectual, the affec- 

 tional, and the moral nature of man : 1. 

 " That the substance or hypostasis of thought 

 is Being — the Being of the individual Ego 

 being in every case the stand-point of ration- 

 al judgment " ; 2. That the affections or 

 emotions are essentially correlative and re- 

 ciprocal in their nature — or that attraction 

 in the spiritual world is reciprocal and com- 

 plementary ; and, 3. That in the rational be- 

 ing, " joy of life is only completely attained 

 through realization of the ideals of feeling, 

 thought, and will." 



Hand-Book op Tree-Planting. By Na- 

 thaniel H. Eqleston. New York: D. 

 Appleton & Co. Pp. 126. Price, 75 

 cents. 



The author of this " Hand-Book " will 

 be remembered by the readers of " The Pop- 

 ular Science Monthly " as having contributed 

 to it, in 18S1, 1882, and 1883, a number of 

 valuable articles on subjects relating to 

 forestry. The present book relates to the 

 same subject, that is, to the planting of 

 trees in masses, and aims to meet the wants 

 of land-owners, more especially of those 

 whose lot is cast in portions of the coun- 

 try destitute, or nearly so, of trees, and who 

 feel the need of them, but are inexperienced 

 in their cultivation. It is divided into four 

 parts — " Why to plant ; when to plant ; what 

 to plant ; and how to plant " — the questions 

 coming under each of which heads are an- 

 swered clearly and in a plain, practical, 

 common-sense manner. The treatise, be- 

 sides having the qualities just referred to, 

 is lucid and simple in its literary construc- 

 tion, brief, interesting, instructive, compre- 

 hensive, and withal convenient in size for 

 the hand or the pocket ; and it offers a com- 



plete exemplification of what a manual on 

 any practical subject for plain men ought 

 to be. 



Protection to Young Indtjstbies, as ap- 

 plied IN the United States. A Study 

 in Economic History. By F. W. Taus- 

 sig, Ph. D., Instructor in Political Econ- 

 omy in Harvard College. New York: G. 

 P. Putnam's Sons. Pp. 72. 



This instructive monograph on one of 

 the most prominent points in the pohtical 

 economy of protection was originally written 

 in competition for the Toppan Prize in Po- 

 litical Science at Harvard University, and 

 received that prize in October, 1882. The 

 writer carefully examines the history of the 

 cotton, the woolen, and the iron manufact- 

 ures of this country, with reference to the 

 influences that have been operative in their 

 development, and the result is thus given in 

 his concluding remarks. 



The three most important branches of industry 

 to which protection has been applied have now 

 been examined. It has appeared that the introduc- 

 tion of the cotton-manufacture took place before the 

 era of protection, and that— looking aside from the 

 anomalous conditions of the period of restriction 

 from 1803 to 1815— its early progress, though per- 

 haps somewhat promoted by the minimum duty of 

 1816, would hardly have been much retarded in the 

 absence of protective duties. The manufacture of 

 woolens received little direct assistance before it 

 reached that stage at which it could maintain itself 

 without help, if it were for the advantage of the 

 country that it should be maintained. In the iron- 

 manufacture, twenty years of heavy protection did 

 not materially alter the proportion of home and 

 foreign supply, and brought about no change in 

 methods of production. It is not possible, and 

 hardly necessary, to carry the inquiry much further. 

 Detailed accounts can not be obtained of other in- 

 dustries to which protection was applied ; but, so 

 far as can be seen, the same course of events took 

 place in them as in the three whose history we have 

 followed. The same general conditions affected the 

 manufactures of glass, of earthenware, of paper, of 

 cotton-bagging, sail-duck, cordage, and other arti- 

 cles to which protection was applied during this 

 time with more or less vigor. We may assimie that 

 the same general effect, or absence of effect, fol- 

 lowed in these as in the other cases. 



Federal Taxation. By Samuel BarnetT' 

 Pp. 45. Richmond, Va. : Andrew Bap- 

 tist & Co. 



This pamphlet is made up of a collection 

 of editorials which appeared in the " Atlanta 

 Constitution." They consist of independent 

 criticisms of our national policy in regard to 

 taxation, expressed with great force and free- 



