Classification of e.visiincj Felidse. 335 



The species fall into three groups* : — 



(1) Tlie typical lynxes (Lynx s. s.) comprisiog L. lynx, 

 pardellus, isabellinus, and ca?iadensis, and probably other 

 species or subspecies. 



(2) The lynxes of temperate America, L. ri/ffus, fasciatus, 

 etc., which Allen and Bangs (see Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. xi. 

 pp. 48-49, 1897) have shown to differ in certain characters 

 from the typical lynxes — namely, tbe narrower nose, longer 

 junction between maxillae and nasals, narrower presplienoid, 

 less rounded mesopterygoid fossa, closer proximity between 

 condyloid foramen and foramen lacerum posterius, longer 

 tail, etc. Bangs proposed to distinguish these as a subgenus 

 entitled Cervaria {Eacervaria) , but this name belongs, as 

 Miller has shown, to the Spanish lynx (L. pardellus), which 

 does not exhibit the characters of the temperate American 

 forms. 



(3) The caracals (L. caracal) of Africa and India were 

 distinguished generically by Gray on the strength of the 

 longer tail and the alleged equality in length of the limbs. 

 The latter feature is fictitious, caracals, like the true lynxes, 

 being higher on the hind than on the fore limbs. 



Tlie skull resembles that of the lynxes in general characters, 

 but is usually narrower in the cranial and facial portions, so 

 that the zygomata appear more expanded. The nasals are 

 usually less attenuated posteriorly, the preorbital foramen is 

 longer, and the small upper premolar is often retained for a 

 longer period. Moi'e important is the development of the 

 external pterygoid crest, which recalls that of Felis and is 

 practically suppressed in the true lynxes. 



Genus Trich^lurus, Satunin. 



Otocahhm, Severtz. 1858, p. 386 (preocc.) ; type maniil, Pall. 

 Trichcelurus, Satunin, pp. 495 (1905) ; type manul, Pall. 



Distr. Central Asia as far south as the western Himalayas. 

 One species known. 



A small long-tailed cat with a broad head and short, 

 rounded, widely separated ears, and a circular ocular pupil. 



Skull, generally speaking, of the Fdis and Lynx type, but 

 broader an I shorter, with the face steeply sloped from a 

 point near the middle of the orbit; the orbits set higher, 

 with a more forward aspect, their lower edge compressed, 



* Not including the little-known L. sardinicB, Mola (Boll. Soc. Zool. 

 Ital. Rome, (2) i£ p. 48, 1908), which has the tail relatively as long 

 as in L. caracal. 



