MARTIN: SOME PUEBLO RUINS. 13 



occupants. Several of the manufactured articles show clearly 

 the imprints of metal saw teeth. 



"The origin of the ruins is of course not positively proven, 

 yet I believe that concerning this there is scarcely a doubt that 

 they represent the old fortified place known as Quartelejo, 

 founded about 1650 by a party of Indians who fled from the 

 oppression of the Spaniards, from Taos, in New Mexico. The 

 only information concerning this place that I have so far been 

 able to obtain is from the works of Hubert Bancroft, volume 

 17, on Arizona and New Mexico." 



The following is the full description of the ruins as published 

 in the Kansas Historical Collections by the present writer : 



"In the excavation of the chief structure referred to in the 

 cited paper, all possible care was taken to avoid mutilating the 

 plastering with which the walls were covered, thus permitting 

 the exact size and shape of each room to be ascertained. As 

 now excavated, the walls are about two and a half feet in 

 height. The structure measures fifty by thirty-two feet in 

 size, and stood as nearly due east and west in its greater meas- 

 urements as it would be possible to locate it with an ordinary 

 compass. The outer walls were of heavy stone, from eighteen 

 inches to two feet in thickness, and were cemented or grouted 

 together, making the full measurement of the building about 

 fifty-three by thirty-five feet. The building site, as has been 

 described by Doctor Williston, was a slightly raised mound, 

 about seventy-five yards from the bed of Beaver creek, which 

 here affords an abundance of water for both irrigational and 

 domestic use. By the side of the building there are two large, 

 hollowed out places, which had probably been used for the 

 puddling and mixing of the adobe employed in the construc- 

 tion of the building. The stone used in the building, all of 

 which had been brought from the surrounding hills, was con- 

 siderable in amount, and many single pieces are all that a man 

 can lift. 



"About 100 yards south of the main edifice there is evidence 

 of several other smaller buildings, all of which must have been 

 constructed of adobe alone, since no rock remains. These 

 smaller structures, two of which were examined by us, yielded 

 no utensils or other relics; nor could their size and shape be 

 made out with certainty. Both of these buildings, as well as 

 the large one, present evidence of having been destroyed by fire, 

 whether as the result of some accident or by Indian foes one 



