144 KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 



from the primary," the fact that these veins are distinct, 

 arising from separate tracheae — as I have shown — not being 

 recognized. 



The Psyllidse are the highest of the group Phytophthires of 

 the Homoptera. These all have simple wing venations, that of 

 the Coccidse being the simplest. Woodworth says of these: 

 "The venation of the Phytophthires has a nomenclature of its 

 own, not relating it to any other groups, the only investigator 

 who has attempted to homologize the veins being Redtenbacher. 

 This author admits to only two branches as belonging to vein 

 V (corresponding to my independents) [vein m] in the Psyl- 

 lidse, and sees none at all in the Aphididse." 



II. PATTERN. 



Fore Wing. — I quote Riley's original description of the wing 

 markings of this species : "Front wings narrower and, there- 

 fore, apparently longer than in vemista, very little wider at 

 terminal third than at basal third ; costal margin at base but 

 slightly subhyaline, more or less densely covered with small, 

 brownish, scalelike specks, as follows: an oblique and gradu- 

 ally narrowing band (extending from the tip of the ptero- 

 stigma to near tip of radius), which runs across the wing to 

 the tip of the first furcal, is usually freer from these dots than 

 the rest of the wing, while its edges are usually more crowded 

 with the dots, so as to bring the pale band into greater relief ; 

 quite frequently there is an intensified patch of brown about 

 discoidal part of subcostal vein and at all vein furcations ; also, 

 the terminal space outside of the pale oblique band is uniformly 

 dark, but with three marginal pale spots (one on each side of 

 the cubital, second marginal and discoidal cells), always more 

 or less evenly speckled; exceptionally, both inside and outside 

 the oblique band, there is a border of variable extent, of a uni- 

 form dark brown color, not composed of small dots." 



There is great sexual difference in color pattern and in in- 

 tensity of markings, as seen in figures. The dark border of the 

 light band mentioned in Riley's description is generally very 

 weak in the female, sometimes almost obsolete, except where 

 it crosses the veins, as in figure 6, plate XXXIII. In general, 

 the wing of the male is darker and more heavily marked than 

 that of the female. Also, the spring forms of both sexes are 

 said to be darker than those that emerge in the fall and hiber- 

 nate over winter.2 



2. Insect Life, vol. V, p. 227. 



